MCQ on Agriculture Heritage In India for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams.
1. What does GIAHS stand for in the context of agricultural heritage?
a) Global Initiative for Agricultural Health and Sustainability
b) Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
c) Green Initiatives for Agricultural and Horticultural Sustainability
d) Global Interactions for Agricultural Heritage Sustainability
**Answer: b) Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems**
Explanation: GIAHS refers to Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems, as defined by the FAO.
2. How are GIAHS described by the FAO?
a) Advanced technological agricultural systems
b) Landscapes rich in biodiversity without human intervention
c) Remarkable land use systems rich in biodiversity evolved through community adaptation
d) Modern industrial agricultural complexes
**Answer: c) Remarkable land use systems rich in biodiversity evolved through community
adaptation**
Explanation: GIAHS are described as remarkable land use systems evolved through community
adaptation and rich in biodiversity.
3. What is the primary characteristic of agricultural heritage systems?
a) They are modern and industrialized.
b) They are primarily managed by large corporations.
c) They reflect generations of local adaptation and management.
d) They are solely focused on maximizing profit.
**Answer: c) They reflect generations of local adaptation and management.**
Explanation: Agricultural heritage systems reflect generations of local adaptation and management
practices.
4. Approximately how much land worldwide is covered by agricultural heritage systems?
a) 1 million hectares
b) 3 million hectares
c) 5 million hectares
d) 10 million hectares
**Answer: c) 5 million hectares**
Explanation: Agricultural heritage systems cover approximately 5 million hectares of land worldwide.
5. What services do GIAHS provide to humankind?
a) Cultural and economic services only
b) Ecological services only
c) Social, cultural, ecological, and economic services
d) Economic and agricultural services only
**Answer: c) Social, cultural, ecological, and economic services**
Explanation: GIAHS provide a combination of social, cultural, ecological, and economic services to
humankind.
6. What role do agricultural heritage systems play in food security?
a) They do not contribute to food security.
b) They contribute minimally to food security.
c) They play a significant role in food security.
d) They solely focus on food security.
**Answer: c) They play a significant role in food security.**
Explanation: Agricultural heritage systems play a significant role in ensuring food security.
7. What is the significance of GIAHS in terms of biodiversity conservation?
a) They have no impact on biodiversity conservation.
b) They contribute marginally to biodiversity conservation.
c) They play a vital role in maintaining agricultural biodiversity.
d) They focus solely on biodiversity conservation.
**Answer: c) They play a vital role in maintaining agricultural biodiversity.**
Explanation: GIAHS play a vital role in maintaining agricultural biodiversity.
8. What do agricultural heritage systems demonstrate about human ingenuity?
a) They demonstrate the reliance on modern technologies.
b) They showcase the dependence on external inputs.
c) They exemplify inventive use of traditional knowledge and practices.
d) They rely solely on natural processes.
**Answer: c) They exemplify inventive use of traditional knowledge and practices.**
Explanation: Agricultural heritage systems demonstrate the inventive use of traditional knowledge
and practices.
9. How are GIAHS viewed in terms of contemporary and future agricultural innovations?
a) They are considered irrelevant to modern agriculture.
b) They are viewed as the foundation for contemporary and future agricultural innovations.
c) They are seen as obstacles to agricultural progress.
d) They are overlooked by the scientific community.
**Answer: b) They are viewed as the foundation for contemporary and future agricultural
innovations.**
Explanation: GIAHS are viewed as the foundation for contemporary and future agricultural
innovations.
10. What is the current state of agricultural diversity in many parts of the world?
a) It has been completely eradicated.
b) It is declining rapidly.
c) It remains intact and flourishing.
d) It is irrelevant to modern agriculture.
**Answer: c) It remains intact and flourishing.**
Explanation: Agricultural diversity remains intact and flourishing in many parts of the world, evident
in the maintenance of unique agricultural systems.
11. What is the significance of double monsoons in ancient Indian agriculture?
a) They led to a scarcity of water, hindering agricultural practices.
b) They allowed for the reaping of two harvests in one year.
c) They brought destructive floods, damaging crops.
d) They caused desertification, making land unsuitable for farming.
**Answer: b) They allowed for the reaping of two harvests in one year.**
Explanation: Double monsoons in ancient India enabled farmers to reap two harvests in one year,
which was crucial for agricultural productivity.
12. During which period did irrigation channels reach a new level of sophistication in India?
a) Neolithic age
b) Middle ages
c) Modern era
d) Industrial revolution
**Answer: b) Middle ages**
Explanation: Irrigation channels reached a new level of sophistication in India during the middle ages.
13. How did Indian crops influence economies during the middle ages?
a) By causing economic stagnation
b) By leading to the decline of other regions’ economies
c) By affecting the economies of other regions under Islamic patronage
d) By promoting agricultural diversity
**Answer: c) By affecting the economies of other regions under Islamic patronage**
Explanation: Indian crops affected the economies of other regions under Islamic patronage during
the middle ages.
14. What change did settled life bring to early Indian agriculture?
a) Introduction of advanced machinery
b) Development of sophisticated irrigation systems
c) Adoption of implements and techniques for agriculture
d) Expansion of nomadic farming practices
**Answer: c) Adoption of implements and techniques for agriculture**
Explanation: Settled life in early Indian agriculture led to the adoption of implements and techniques
for agriculture.
15. What role did plants and animals play in early Indian society?
a) They were ignored by the population.
b) They were considered irrelevant to survival.
c) They were worshiped and venerated.
d) They were used solely for economic purposes.
**Answer: c) They were worshiped and venerated.**
Explanation: Plants and animals were worshiped and venerated as they were considered essential to
survival in early Indian society.
16. What historical period saw the development of sophisticated land and water management
systems in India?
a) Neolithic age
b) Middle ages
c) Modern era
d) Industrial revolution
**Answer: b) Middle ages**
Explanation: The middle ages saw the development of sophisticated land and water management
systems in India.
17. How far back does the history of agriculture in India date?
a) 1000 BCE
b) 5000 BCE
c) 7500-4000 BCE
d) 2000 CE
**Answer: c) 7500-4000 BCE**
Explanation: The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Neolithic age of 7500-4000 BCE.
18. What are some nature-friendly farming practices traditionally adopted in India?
a) Heavy use of chemical fertilizers
b) Monoculture farming
c) Mixed farming, mixed cropping, and crop rotation
d) Deforestation for agricultural expansion
**Answer: c) Mixed farming, mixed cropping, and crop rotation**
Explanation: Traditional Indian farming practices include mixed farming, mixed cropping, and crop
rotation, which are nature-friendly.
19. How has agricultural wisdom been passed down in India?
a) Through government programs
b) Via modern agricultural universities
c) From generation to generation
d) Through international agricultural organizations
**Answer: c) From generation to generation**
Explanation: Agricultural wisdom in India has been passed down from generation to generation.
20. What enabled the independent Republic of India to develop a comprehensive agricultural
program?
a) Foreign aid
b) Advanced technology imports
c) Historical agricultural practices
d) Stagnation during the modern era
**Answer: c) Historical agricultural practices**
Explanation: The independent Republic of India was able to develop a comprehensive agricultural
program due to its historical agricultural practices and experiences.
21. What is the significance of the great epics of ancient India in relation to agriculture?
a) They emphasize the importance of urbanization over agriculture.
b) They highlight the use of modern agricultural techniques.
c) They convey the depth of agricultural knowledge possessed by older generations.
d) They focus solely on religious rituals unrelated to agriculture.
**Answer: c) They convey the depth of agricultural knowledge possessed by older generations.**
Explanation: The great epics of ancient India convey the depth of agricultural knowledge possessed
by older generations, showcasing the rich agricultural heritage of the country.
22. Why is it important to study agricultural heritage in India?
a) To abandon traditional practices in favor of modern techniques.
b) To preserve and understand sustainable agricultural practices.
c) To emphasize intensive use of chemical inputs.
d) To ignore the contributions of older generations to agriculture.
**Answer: b) To preserve and understand sustainable agricultural practices.**
Explanation: Studying agricultural heritage in India is important to preserve and understand
sustainable agricultural practices that have been passed down through generations.
23. What does the emphasis on intensive use of inputs in agriculture lead to?
a) Enhanced sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.
b) Increased soil fertility.
c) Adverse impacts on the long-term sustainability of agriculture.
d) Preservation of plant and animal genetic resources.
**Answer: c) Adverse impacts on the long-term sustainability of agriculture.**
Explanation: The emphasis on intensive use of inputs in agriculture leads to adverse impacts on the
long-term sustainability of agriculture, such as soil impoverishment and pollution of water and air.
24. What role does indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) play in sustainable agriculture?
a) ITK hinders the progress of sustainable agriculture.
b) ITK provides insights into sustainable agricultural practices.
c) ITK is irrelevant to modern agricultural practices.
d) ITK promotes intensive use of chemical inputs.
**Answer: b) ITK provides insights into sustainable agricultural practices.**
Explanation: Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) provides insights into sustainable agricultural
practices, as it has been passed down through generations as family technology.
25. Why is it necessary to collect, document, and analyze traditional agricultural technologies?
a) To abandon them in favor of modern technologies.
b) To preserve them for historical purposes only.
c) To understand their scientific principles and refine them for modern use.
d) To ignore their significance in agricultural development.
**Answer: c) To understand their scientific principles and refine them for modern use.**
Explanation: It is necessary to collect, document, and analyze traditional agricultural technologies to
understand their scientific principles and refine them for modern use by blending them with modern
scientific technology.
26. How has agriculture been viewed historically in India?
a) As a modern occupation disconnected from traditional practices.
b) As an irrelevant aspect of Indian culture.
c) As a way of life deeply embedded in Indian populations.
d) As a practice needing no further refinement.
**Answer: c) As a way of life deeply embedded in Indian populations.**
Explanation: Agriculture has been viewed historically in India as a way of life deeply embedded in
Indian populations, rather than just a modern occupation.
27. What impact did double monsoons have on agriculture in ancient India?
a) They led to crop failures.
b) They allowed for two harvests to be reaped in one year.
c) They reduced the need for irrigation.
d) They had no impact on agricultural practices.
**Answer: b) They allowed for two harvests to be reaped in one year.**
Explanation: Double monsoons in ancient India allowed for two harvests to be reaped in one year,
contributing to agricultural productivity.
28. How did Indian agriculture impact other regions of the world during the middle ages?
a) Indian agriculture had no influence on other regions.
b) Indian crops affected the economies of other regions under Islamic patronage.
c) Indian agriculture solely focused on domestic production.
d) Indian irrigation channels led to environmental degradation in neighboring regions.
**Answer: b) Indian crops affected the economies of other regions under Islamic patronage.**
Explanation: Indian crops affected the economies of other regions of the world under Islamic
patronage during the Middle Ages, showcasing the global significance of Indian agriculture.
29. What changes did settled life bring to agriculture in ancient India?
a) It led to the abandonment of agricultural practices.
b) It resulted in the development of implements and techniques for agriculture.
c) It decreased agricultural productivity.
d) It had no impact on agricultural practices.
**Answer: b) It resulted in the development of implements and techniques for agriculture.**
Explanation: Settled life in ancient India resulted in the development of implements and techniques
for agriculture, marking a transition towards more organized agricultural practices.
30. What role did plants and animals play in ancient Indian society?
a) They were ignored by the population.
b) They were primarily used for religious rituals.
c) They were considered essential to survival and revered.
d) They were imported from foreign lands.
**Answer: c) They were considered essential to survival and revered.**
Explanation: Plants and animals were considered essential to survival and revered in ancient Indian
society, leading to their worship and veneration.
31. What is the primary objective of the course described in the passage?
a) To focus solely on modern agricultural techniques.
b) To promote urbanization over traditional agricultural practices.
c) To increase awareness of the rich heritage of Indian agriculture.
d) To disregard the contributions of older generations to agriculture.
**Answer: c) To increase awareness of the rich heritage of Indian agriculture.**
Explanation: The primary objective of the course is to increase awareness of the rich heritage of
Indian agriculture, which is unique compared to other civilizations.
32. According to the passage, how is agriculture viewed in India?
a) As an irrelevant aspect of Indian culture.
b) As a modern occupation disconnected from traditional practices.
c) As a way of life deeply embedded in Indian populations.
d) As a practice needing no further refinement.
**Answer: c) As a way of life deeply embedded in Indian populations.**
Explanation: Agriculture is viewed as a way of life deeply embedded in Indian populations, according
to the passage.
33. What is the purpose of implanting a sense of pride among agricultural students?
a) To discourage them from pursuing careers in agriculture.
b) To emphasize the superiority of modern agricultural techniques.
c) To recognize the sustainable practices of Indian agriculture.
d) To ignore the contributions of traditional agricultural practices.
**Answer: c) To recognize the sustainable practices of Indian agriculture.**
Explanation: The purpose of implanting a sense of pride among agricultural students is to recognize
the sustainable practices of Indian agriculture.
34. How does the passage define history?
a) A continuous record of future events.
b) A discontinuous record of past events.
c) A continuous record of past events.
d) A discontinuous record of future events.
**Answer: c) A continuous record of past events.**
Explanation: The passage defines history as a continuous record of past events.
35. What does the term “heritage” refer to in the passage?
a) Modern innovations in agricultural practices.
b) Inherited values carried from one generation to another.
c) Urbanization trends in agricultural communities.
d) Agricultural practices disconnected from tradition.
**Answer: b) Inherited values carried from one generation to another.**
Explanation: In the passage, “heritage” refers to inherited values carried from one generation to
another.
36. How does the passage define agricultural heritage?
a) Modern agricultural practices adopted in ancient India.
b) Traditional practices that are no longer relevant.
c) Values and practices adopted in ancient India, relevant for present-day systems.
d) Innovations disconnected from traditional knowledge.
**Answer: c) Values and practices adopted in ancient India, relevant for present-day systems.**
Explanation: Agricultural heritage is defined in the passage as values and practices adopted in
ancient India that are relevant for present-day systems.
37. What is the purpose of stimulating scientific research based on traditional technology?
a) To disregard traditional agricultural practices.
b) To emphasize the need for modern technology exclusively.
c) To recognize the value of traditional agricultural knowledge.
d) To promote urbanization in agricultural communities.
**Answer: c) To recognize the value of traditional agricultural knowledge.**
Explanation: The purpose of stimulating scientific research based on traditional technology is to
recognize the value of traditional agricultural knowledge.
38. Why is it important to differentiate between history and heritage in the context of agriculture?
a) To emphasize the discontinuity between past and present agricultural practices.
b) To recognize the evolving nature of agricultural techniques.
c) To highlight the unique cultural aspects of agricultural practices.
d) To ignore the contributions of older generations to agriculture.
**Answer: c) To highlight the unique cultural aspects of agricultural practices.**
Explanation: It is important to differentiate between history and heritage to highlight the unique
cultural aspects of agricultural practices.
39. What role does heritage play in shaping present-day agricultural systems?
a) It has no influence on present-day systems.
b) It serves as the foundation for modern agricultural innovations.
c) It hinders the progress of modern agricultural techniques.
d) It emphasizes urbanization over traditional practices.
**Answer: b) It serves as the foundation for modern agricultural innovations.**
Explanation: Heritage serves as the foundation for modern agricultural innovations by providing
insights from traditional practices.
40. How does the passage emphasize the relevance of ancient agricultural practices to contemporary
systems?
a) By disregarding the contributions of older generations.
b) By highlighting the sustainability of traditional practices.
c) By promoting intensive use of chemical inputs.
d) By focusing solely on modern agricultural techniques.
**Answer: b) By highlighting the sustainability of traditional practices.**
Explanation: The passage emphasizes the relevance of ancient agricultural practices to contemporary
systems by highlighting their sustainability and effectiveness.
41. Which of the following documents is the oldest in terms of recorded history?
a) Rigveda (c.3700 BC)
b) Atharvaveda (c.2000 BC)
c) Ramayana (c.2000 BC)
d) Mahabharata (c.1400 BC)
**Answer: a) Rigveda (c.3700 BC)**
Explanation: Rigveda is the oldest document listed here, dating back to approximately 3700 BC.
42. Which document provides insights into agricultural practices through its verses?
a) Ramayana (c.2000 BC)
b) Atharvaveda (c.2000 BC)
c) Mahabharata (c.1400 BC)
d) Krishi-Parashara (c.400 BC)
**Answer: b) Atharvaveda (c.2000 BC)**
Explanation: Atharvaveda, dating back to approximately 2000 BC, provides insights into agricultural
practices through its verses.
43. Who is the author of the document “Krishi-Parashara”?
a) Ramayana
b) Mahabharata
c) Patanjali
d) Parashara
**Answer: d) Parashara**
Explanation: The document “Krishi-Parashara” is attributed to Parashara and dates back to around
400 BC.
44. Which document is known for its comprehensive treatise on economics and statecraft?
a) Mahabharata (c.1400 BC)
b) Kautilya’s Artha-sastra (c.300 BC)
c) Agnipurana (c.400 ?)
d) Varahamihir’s Brhat Samhita (c. 500 AD)
**Answer: b) Kautilya’s Artha-sastra (c.300 BC)**
Explanation: Kautilya’s Artha-sastra, dating back to around 300 BC, is known for its comprehensive
treatise on economics and statecraft.
45. Which document is attributed to Varahamihir?
a) Mahabharata
b) Kautilya’s Artha-sastra
c) Brhat Samhita
d) Krishi-Parashara
**Answer: c) Brhat Samhita**
Explanation: The document “Brhat Samhita” is attributed to Varahamihir and dates back to around
500 AD.
46. What is the subject matter of “Vrikshayurveda” by Surapala?
a) Astrology
b) Agriculture
c) Medicine
d) Philosophy
**Answer: b) Agriculture**
Explanation: “Vrikshayurveda” by Surapala focuses on agriculture.
47. Which document is a Tamil literature providing insights into ancient agricultural practices?
a) Krishi-Parashara
b) Mahabharata
c) Agnipurana
d) Sangam literature (Tamils)
**Answer: d) Sangam literature (Tamils) (200 BC-100 AD)**
Explanation: Sangam literature (Tamils) provides insights into ancient agricultural practices in the
Tamil region.
48. Who authored the document “Amarkosha”?
a) Patanjali
b) Amarsimha
c) Varahamihir
d) Surapala
**Answer: b) Amarsimha**
Explanation: The document “Amarkosha” is authored by Amarsimha.
49. Which document provides information about agricultural practices during the Islamic period?
a) Mahabharata
b) Krishi-Parashara
c) Lokopakaram by Chavundaraya
d) Someshwardeva’s Manasollasa
**Answer: c) Lokopakaram by Chavundaraya (1025 AD)**
Explanation: Lokopakaram by Chavundaraya provides information about agricultural practices during
the medieval period.
50. Which document is a Persian manuscript focusing on agricultural techniques?
a) Krishi-Parashara
b) Dara Shikoh’s Nuskha Dar Fanni-Falahat
c) Sangam literature (Tamils)
d) Patanjali’s Mahabhasya
**Answer: b) Dara Shikoh’s Nuskha Dar Fanni-Falahat (c.1650 AD)**
Explanation: Dara Shikoh’s Nuskha Dar Fanni-Falahat is a Persian manuscript focusing on agricultural
techniques.
51. Which of the following documents is considered one of the oldest available texts on agriculture?
a) Ramayana
b) Mahabharata
c) Rigveda
d) Atharvaveda
**Answer: c) Rigveda**
Explanation: Rigveda, dating back to approximately 3700 BC, is one of the oldest available texts on
agriculture.
52. Which document is attributed to the period around 2000 BC?
a) Ramayana
b) Atharvaveda
c) Mahabharata
d) Krishi-Parashara
**Answer: b) Atharvaveda**
Explanation: Atharvaveda is attributed to the period around 2000 BC.
53. Who is the author of “Krishi-Parashara,” a document from around 400 BC?
a) Ramayana
b) Patanjali
c) Parashara
d) Kautilya
**Answer: c) Parashara**
Explanation: “Krishi-Parashara” is attributed to the author Parashara and is dated around 400 BC.
54. Which text is associated with Kautilya, believed to be around 300 BC?
a) Atharvaveda
b) Mahabharata
c) Kautilya’s Artha-sastra
d) Varahamihir’s Brhat Samhita
**Answer: c) Kautilya’s Artha-sastra**
Explanation: “Kautilya’s Artha-sastra” is associated with Kautilya and is believed to be around 300 BC.
55. Which document belongs to the period of Sangam literature (200 BC-100 AD)?
a) Patanjali’s Mahabhasya
b) Sangam literature (Tamils)
c) Amarsimha’s Amarkosha
d) Krishi-Parashara
**Answer: b) Sangam literature (Tamils)**
Explanation: “Sangam literature (Tamils)” belongs to the period of Sangam literature, estimated
between 200 BC and 100 AD.
56. Who authored the “Vrikshayurveda,” dated around 1000 AD?
a) Varahamihir
b) Surapala
c) Chavundaraya
d) Patanjali
**Answer: b) Surapala**
Explanation: “Vrikshayurveda” is attributed to Surapala and is dated around 1000 AD.
57. Which document is associated with Varahamihir and dated around 500 AD?
a) Kautilya’s Artha-sastra
b) Agnipurana
c) Varahamihir’s Brhat Samhita
d) Krishi-Parashara
**Answer: c) Varahamihir’s Brhat Samhita**
Explanation: “Varahamihir’s Brhat Samhita” is associated with Varahamihir and dated around 500 AD.
58. What is the approximate date of “Lokopakaram” authored by Chavundaraya?
a) 1025 AD
b) 1131 AD
c) 1300 AD
d) 1500 AD
**Answer: a) 1025 AD**
Explanation: “Lokopakaram” authored by Chavundaraya is approximately dated to 1025 AD.
59. Which document is attributed to Dara Shikoh and dated around 1650 AD?
a) Jati Jaichand’s dairy
b) Nuskha Dar Fanni-Falahat
c) Bhavaprakasha-Nighantu
d) Viswavallbha
**Answer: b) Nuskha Dar Fanni-Falahat**
Explanation: “Nuskha Dar Fanni-Falahat” is attributed to Dara Shikoh and dated around 1650 AD.
60. Which document is associated with Watt and covers the period from 1889 to 1893 AD?
a) Jati Jaichand’s dairy
b) Anonymous Rajasthani Manuscript
c) Watt’s Dictionary of Economic Products of India
d) Lokopakaram
**Answer: c) Watt’s Dictionary of Economic Products of India**
Explanation: “Watt’s Dictionary of Economic Products of India” is associated with Watt and covers
the period from 1889 to 1893 AD.
61. What was the name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 250 million years ago?
a) Laurasia
b) Gondwanaland
c) Pangaea
d) Panthalassa
**Answer: c) Pangaea**
Explanation: Pangaea was the supercontinent that existed approximately 250 million years ago,
comprising all of Earth’s seven continents grouped together.
62. Which landmass was formed as a result of the breakup of Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era?
a) Laurasia
b) Gondwanaland
c) Angara land
d) Panthalassa
**Answer: a) Laurasia**
Explanation: Laurasia was formed as a result of the breakup of Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era,
comprising present-day North America (including Greenland), Europe, and Asia (Angara land).
63. What was the composition of Gondwanaland?
a) North America, Europe, Asia
b) South America, Africa, India, Australia, Antarctica
c) North America, Europe, Africa, Australia
d) South America, Africa, Asia, Antarctica
**Answer: b) South America, Africa, India, Australia, Antarctica**
Explanation: Gondwanaland was composed of present-day South America, Africa, India, Australia,
and Antarctica.
64. How did the separation of South America from Africa occur?
a) During the Jurassic period
b) Due to the movement of Laurasia
c) Through the eruption of massive lava flows
d) During the late Cretaceous period
**Answer: d) During the late Cretaceous period**
Explanation: The separation of South America from Africa occurred during the late Cretaceous
period, contributing to the breakup of Gondwanaland.
65. What event opened up the Atlantic and Indian Oceans?
a) Movement of Laurasia
b) Eruption of massive lava flows
c) Breakup of Gondwanaland
d) Collision between Indian and Eurasian plates
**Answer: c) Breakup of Gondwanaland**
Explanation: The breakup of Gondwanaland opened up the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, leading to
the separation of continents.
66. How did the Indian Subcontinent move over millions of years?
a) At a constant speed of 4 inches per year
b) By volcanic eruptions
c) By gravitational forces
d) By continental drift
**Answer: a) At a constant speed of 4 inches per year**
Explanation: The Indian Subcontinent moved hundreds of miles over 135 million years at a great
speed of approximately 4 inches per year.
67. What geological feature separated South America from Africa?
a) Massive lava flows
b) The Atlantic Ocean
c) The Indian Ocean
d) The Moroccan bulge
**Answer: b) The Atlantic Ocean**
Explanation: The separation of South America from Africa resulted in the formation of the Atlantic
Ocean, separating the two continents.
68. What does the formation of ‘The Triple Junction’ indicate?
a) The separation of Laurasia from Gondwanaland
b) The connection between South America and Africa
c) The movement of Pangaea
d) The collision of tectonic plates
**Answer: b) The connection between South America and Africa**
Explanation: ‘The Triple Junction’ formed due to a three-way split in the crust, indicating the
connection between South America and Africa in the past.
69. What caused the breakup of Pangaea?
a) Massive volcanic eruptions
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Impact of a meteorite
d) Expansion of the oceans
**Answer: b) Movement of tectonic plates**
Explanation: The breakup of Pangaea was caused by the movement of tectonic plates, leading to the
formation of Laurasia and Gondwanaland.
70. What was the name of the gigantic ocean surrounding Pangaea?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Panthalassa
d) Pacific Ocean
**Answer: c) Panthalassa**
Explanation: Panthalassa was the name of the gigantic ocean surrounding Pangaea during its
existence.
71. Which geological event led to the formation of the Himalayas?
a) The collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate
b) The separation of Laurasia from Gondwanaland
c) The splitting of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwanaland
d) The movement of the Tethys Ocean
**Answer: a) The collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate**
Explanation: The collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate created immense pressure,
resulting in the formation of the tallest mountain range on Earth, the Himalayas.
72. What is the significance of the Tethys Ocean in the context of the Himalayas’ formation?
a) It facilitated the movement of the Indian Plate
b) It acted as a barrier preventing the formation of the Himalayas
c) Its closure due to plate tectonics forces contributed to the formation of the Himalayas
d) It had no influence on the geological processes in the region
**Answer: c) Its closure due to plate tectonics forces contributed to the formation of the
Himalayas**
Explanation: The closure of the Tethys Ocean due to plate tectonic forces played a crucial role in the
formation of the Himalayas by squeezing out the Tethys and leading to the collision between the
Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
73. What are the three distinct segments of the physical geography of India?
a) The Himalayas, the Ganges River, and the Deccan Plateau
b) The Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Deccan Peninsula
c) The Western Ghats, the Brahmaputra Plain, and the Thar Desert
d) The Eastern Ghats, the Gangetic Plain, and the Western Ghats
**Answer: b) The Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Deccan Peninsula**
Explanation: The physical geography of India comprises three distinct segments: the Himalayas to the
north, the Indo-Gangetic Plain extending from Punjab to Assam, and the Deccan Peninsula to the
south of the Vindhyas.
74. What geological event contributed to the formation of the Deccan Peninsula?
a) The collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate
b) The movement of the Tethys Ocean
c) The separation of Laurasia from Gondwanaland
d) The denudation of ancient rocks over ages
**Answer: d) The denudation of ancient rocks over ages**
Explanation: The Deccan Peninsula was formed by the denudation of ancient rocks over ages, carving
it into a number of mountain ranges, plateaus, valleys, and plains.
75. Which geographical feature is described as “the great mountain system to the north” in India?
a) The Western Ghats
b) The Himalayas
c) The Eastern Ghats
d) The Aravalli Range
**Answer: b) The Himalayas**
Explanation: The Himalayas are described as “the great mountain system to the north” in India,
marking the northernmost geographical feature of the country.