Author name: Examups

Symptoms of damage   •Grub tunnels in the sapwood on the trunk or branches •Grub bore into the sap wood and macking irregular tunnels. •Feeding the vascular tissues •interruption of nutrient and water transport on the tissue •Drying of terminal shoot in early stage •Frass comes out from several points and some times sap oozes out of the holes •Wilting of branches or entire tree   Identification of pest   •Grub – Linear, fleshy, apodous •Adult – Grayish beetle with two pink dots and lateral spine   Life cycle Management   • •Remove and destroy dead and severely affected branches of the tree •Remove alternate host, silk cotton and other hosts •Grow tolerant mango varieties viz., Neelam, Humayudin. •Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl 50 WP 20 g / l (basal portion of the trunk – 3 feet height) after scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles. •If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree. •One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole •Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud. Download Pdf

•Distribution : india, Pakistn, Myanmer, malaysia, china, formosa, japan, east africa, australia & the hawaiian island. •Host plant : musk melon and other cucurbits & also found tomato, chillis, guava, citrus, pear, fig, cauliflower etc. •Only the maggots cause damage by feeding on near ripe fruits. Identification •Maggots : lrgless and headleas,dirty white wriggling creatures. •Adult : reddish brown with lemon – yellow markings on the thorax. Life cycle Damage •The maggots pollute and destroy fruit by feeding on pulp. •Damage caused serious in melon and after the first shower of the momsoon. •Other cucurbitaceous infested up to 50 % Management •Spray 50 ml of malathion 50EC + 0.5 kg of gur/suger in 50 l. of water/ha when serious attack. Download Pdf

•Distribution and Status : India, Pakistan, South-East Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Formosa, Philippines, Australia, China, Hawaii Islands, China and Taiwan. •Host range : Mango, guava, peach, apricot, cherry, pear, ber, citrus, banana, papaya, avocado, passion fruit, coffee, melons, jack fruit, strawberry. Symptoms of damage   •Damage is caused by grub only and feed on pulp. •Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed spots and dropping of fruits. •Oozing of fluid •Brownish rotten patches on fruits. Identification of pest   •Larva – Yellowish apodous maggots. •Adult – Light brown with transparent wing  Maggots of fruit fly dropping out of mango fruit Life cycle of Fruit fly Management   •Collect fallen infested fruits and dispose them by dumping in a pit •Provide summer ploughing to expose the pupa •Monitor the activity of flies with methyl eugenol sex lure traps. •Bait spray – combing any one of the insecticides and molasses or jaggery 10 g/l, •o malathion 50EC 2 ml/l, •o dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l, •o carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits. •Biological control • Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia Philippines Download Pdf

•Distribution and Status: America, India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Japan, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia and China •Host range: Citrus, certain deciduous plants and families of rutaceae. Symptoms of damage • Both nymphs and adults suck sap from the plants and injection of toxic saliva •Nymphs – are more destructive, crowd on the terminal shoots, buds and tender leaves •Excrete honeydew- growth of sooty moulds •Affected plant parts dry and die away •It is transmits the “Greening” virus Identification of pest •Nymphs: Are flattened, oval in shape with orange colour •Adult: Minute insect, shiny black with grey dusting on the body, wings are extending beyond the tip of the abdomen Life cycle Management •Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts •Spraying with systemic insecticides at flush growth periods •Spray malathion 0.05% or carbaryl 0.1% •Encourage the activities natural enemies such as Syrphids and Chrysopids Download Pdf

•Distribution : Africa, Japan •Hoat plant : citrus & Various other species of the family rutaceae. Identification •Egg : pale or greenish yellow when freshly laid, but later turn brown, becoming dark gary just before hatching. – Female lay eggs : 75 – 120 •Caterpillar : full grown caterpillar is yellowish green, horn – like structure on dorsal side of the last body segment, 40 mm long & 6.5 mm wide. •Adult : Beautiful butterfly, 28 mm length & 94 mm in wing expanse. Head and thorax are black Life cycle Damage •Only the caterpillar cause damage by eating the leaves. Management •Hand picking •Spraying of entomogenous fungus, Bacillus thuriengiensis Berliner, nematod DD -136 strain or neem seed extract (3%) also gives quite high motality of caterpillar. •Spary 1.45 liter of endosulfan 35EC or quinalphos 25EC during April (After fiuit set) & Oct. Download Pdf

•Distribution and status: World wide •It is polyphagous pest •it is serious pest                  chickpea, pigeonpea, pea mungbean, urdbean, lentil, soybean, & cowpea •also been found damaging            cotton, sorghum, okra, maize, tomato, berseem, & sunflower Identification of the pest •Eggs – are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly •Larva – shows colour variation from greenish to brown. Green with dark brown grey lines laterally on the body with lateral white lines and also has dark and pale bands. •Pupa – brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris •Adult – light pale brownish yellow stout moth. Fore wing grey to pale brown with V shaped speck.Hind wings are pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin. Life cycle •A single female may lay as many as 741 egg in 4 days Symptoms of damage Management •ETL: 10% of affected pods •Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha •Bird perches 50/ha •Follow IPM practices as given for cotton Spray Fipronil 5 SC 800-1000 ml or Indoxacarb 14.5 SC 335-400 ml or Methomyl 40 SP 50-1125 g or Novaluron 10 EC 375 ml or Spinosad 45 SC 160 ml or Thiodicarb 75 WP 625-1000 g Download Pdf