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MCQ on Agronomic Practices for Using Problem Water

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MCQ on Agronomic Practices for Using Problem Water

 

1. What are the main cations commonly found in irrigation water?
A. Sodium and lithium
B. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium
C. Boron and silicon
D. Fluorine and bromine

Answer: B
Explanation: The primary cations in irrigation water are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K).

2. High salinity in irrigation water primarily affects plants by:
A. Reducing soil pH
B. Enhancing nutrient uptake
C. Decreasing water uptake
D. Increasing plant growth

Answer: C
Explanation: Excessive salinity increases the soil solution’s concentration, making it difficult for plants to absorb water.

3. Which factor is NOT a determinant of irrigation water quality?
A. Soil texture
B. Drainage
C. Weather conditions
D. Amount of rainfall

Answer: C
Explanation: While soil texture, permeability, and drainage are significant, weather conditions are not a direct determinant of irrigation water quality.

4. What is the acceptable pH range for water classified as “excellent” quality?
A. 5.5 – 6.5
B. 6.5 – 7.5
C. 7.5 – 8.5
D. 8.5 – 9.5

Answer: B
Explanation: Water classified as “excellent” quality has a pH range of 6.5–7.5.

5. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) measures:
A. Soil organic matter content
B. Proportion of sodium to calcium and magnesium
C. Electrical conductivity of soil
D. Water permeability

Answer: B
Explanation: SAR measures the proportion of sodium ions compared to calcium and magnesium in irrigation water.

6. Excessive nitrogen in irrigation water can cause:
A. Plant stunting
B. Excessive vegetative growth
C. Early crop maturity
D. Reduced fruit size

Answer: B
Explanation: High nitrogen levels promote vegetative growth, which may lead to lodging and delayed maturity.

7. What is the classification of irrigation water with EC greater than 6.0 m.mhos/cm?
A. Excellent
B. Good
C. Poor
D. Unsuitable

Answer: D
Explanation: Water with EC >6.0 m.mhos/cm is classified as unsuitable for irrigation.

8. Which crop is highly tolerant to saline water irrigation?
A. Wheat
B. Cotton
C. Maize
D. Rice

Answer: B
Explanation: Cotton is one of the most salt-tolerant crops.

9. What is a recommended management practice for using saline water?
A. Frequent and light irrigation
B. Applying large volumes of water at once
C. Using only untreated sewage water
D. Avoiding the use of fertilizers

Answer: A
Explanation: Frequent and light irrigation minimizes salt accumulation in the root zone.

10. Which element is considered toxic to plants at high concentrations in irrigation water?
A. Boron
B. Potassium
C. Magnesium
D. Carbon

Answer: A
Explanation: Boron can be toxic to plants if present beyond permissible limits.

 

 

 

11. What does BOD stand for in wastewater management?
A. Biological Organic Deposit
B. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
C. Basic Oxygen Dissolution
D. Biological Output Decay

Answer: B
Explanation: BOD stands for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, which indicates organic pollution in water.

12. Which of the following is NOT a treatment method for wastewater before irrigation?
A. Lime treatment
B. Dilution with good quality water
C. Sand filtration
D. Adding excessive fertilizers

Answer: D
Explanation: Adding excessive fertilizers is not a wastewater treatment method.

13. The parameter that primarily affects the infiltration rate of water into soil is:
A. Soil organic matter
B. Specific salts in water
C. Crop type
D. Soil pH

Answer: B
Explanation: Specific salts in irrigation water can reduce infiltration rates.

14. What does EC measure in irrigation water?
A. Electrical charge
B. Electrical conductivity
C. Electrochemical potential
D. Electrolysis capacity

Answer: B
Explanation: EC measures the electrical conductivity of water, indicating its salinity.

15. Which irrigation water classification is most suitable for crops?
A. Very poor
B. Excellent
C. Fair
D. Poor

Answer: B
Explanation: Excellent quality water has the least salinity and is most suitable for crops.

16. Excessive bicarbonates in irrigation water cause:
A. Enhanced crop growth
B. White deposits on leaves or fruits
C. Increased soil fertility
D. Better water infiltration

Answer: B
Explanation: High bicarbonate levels cause white deposits when using sprinkler irrigation.

17. What is the best way to improve soil permeability when using poor-quality water?
A. Reduce organic matter
B. Increase clay content
C. Add gypsum
D. Avoid drainage

Answer: C
Explanation: Adding gypsum improves soil permeability and structure.

18. Which climatic factor helps in leaching salts from the root zone?
A. Rainfall
B. Temperature
C. Humidity
D. Wind speed

Answer: A
Explanation: Rainfall naturally leaches salts from the plant root zone.

19. What crop stage is most sensitive to salinity?
A. Germination and seedling stages
B. Vegetative stage
C. Flowering stage
D. Harvesting stage

Answer: A
Explanation: Germination and seedling stages are highly sensitive to salinity.

20. Alternate irrigation with wastewater and good quality water is recommended to:
A. Increase nutrient content
B. Minimize salt accumulation
C. Promote faster crop growth
D. Eliminate soil microbes

Answer: B
Explanation: Alternating irrigation sources helps minimize salt buildup in the soil.

 

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