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    • MCQ on Our journey in agriculture and vision for the future essay

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged ,

    MCQ on Our journey in agriculture and vision for the future essay ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. What was the main catalyst for the establishment of the Famine Commission of 1880? A) Drought B) Floods C) Earthquake D) Famine Answer: D) Famine Explanation: The famine that occurred from 1876-78 led to the institution of the Famine Commission of 1880. Who founded the Imperial Agriculture Research Institute in 1905 at Pusa? A) Lord Curzon B) Henry Phipps C) Marquees of Linlithgo D) Indian Government Answer: A) Lord Curzon Explanation: Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, founded the Imperial Agriculture Research Institute in 1905 at Pusa. What disaster prompted the relocation of the Institute from Pusa to New Delhi? A) Floods B) Drought C) Earthquake D) Tsunami Answer: C) Earthquake Explanation: The disastrous earthquake in 1936 prompted the relocation of the Institute from Pusa to New Delhi. When did the Institute at New Delhi gain the status of a Deemed University? A) 1936 B) 1947 C) 1956 D) 1958 Answer: C) 1956 Explanation: Under the University Grants Commission Act 1956, the Institute at New Delhi gained the status of a Deemed University. Which committee was formed in 1921 as per the recommendation of the Indian Central Cotton Commission? A) Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) B) Famine Commission C) Royal Commission D) Cooperative Societies Act Committee Answer: A) Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) Explanation: The Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) was formed in 1921 as per the recommendation of the Indian Central Cotton Commission. When was the Royal Commission appointed to examine the condition of agricultural and rural economy in India? A) 1880 B) 1905 C) 1921 D) 1926 Answer: D) 1926 Explanation: The Royal Commission was appointed in 1926 to examine the condition of agricultural and rural economy in India. Which act gave the Institute at New Delhi the authority to intensify its teaching and research activities from 1958? A) Cooperative Societies Act B) University Grants Commission Act C) Land Alienation Act D) Famine Commission Act Answer: B) University Grants Commission Act Explanation: Under the University Grants Commission Act 1956, the Institute at New Delhi gained the authority to intensify its teaching and research activities from 1958. What event convinced Lord Curzon of the urgent need to pay attention to agriculture? A) Earthquake B) Floods C) Famine D) Drought Answer: C) Famine Explanation: The horrors of the famine of 1889-90 convinced Lord Curzon of the urgent need to pay attention to agriculture. What was the main building at Pusa named after? A) Lord Curzon B) Indian Government C) Henry Phipps D) Marquees of Linlithgo Answer: C) Henry Phipps Explanation: The main building at Pusa was named after its donor, Henry Phipps, as the Phipps Laboratory. How many Agricultural and Veterinary Colleges were there in India in 1947? A) 22 B) 27 C) 30 D) 35 Answer: B) 27 Explanation: In 1947, India had about 27 Agricultural and Veterinary Colleges. When was the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) established? A) 1860 B) 1929 C) 1943 D) 1957 Answer: B) 1929 Explanation: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established in 1929 as a Society under the Societies Registration Act. What event deepened the food crisis and became a matter of great concern to the Government of India during World War II? A) Bengal famine in 1943 B) Second World War C) Grow More Food campaign D) Formation of Indian Central Coconut Committee Answer: A) Bengal famine in 1943 Explanation: The Bengal famine in 1943 deepened the food crisis and became a matter of great concern to the Government of India during World War II. Which campaign was initiated in 1943 to meet the food shortage in India? A) Grow More Food B) Green Revolution C) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan D) Food Security Mission Answer: A) Grow More Food Explanation: The Grow More Food campaign was initiated in 1943 to meet the food shortage in India. When were the Indian Central Coconut Committee and the Indian Central Tobacco Committee formed? A) 1943 B) 1945 C) 1949 D) 1958 Answer: B) 1945 Explanation: The Indian Central Coconut Committee and the Indian Central Tobacco Committee were formed in 1945. Which coordinated project on maize led to the birth of All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs)? A) Started in 1929 B) Developed with assistance from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1957 C) Initiated during the Bengal famine D) A result of the Grow More Food campaign Answer: B) Developed with assistance from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1957 Explanation: The coordinated project on maize developed with assistance from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1957 led to the birth of All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs). How many All India Coordinated Research projects are currently undertaken by ICAR? A) About 20 B) About 50 C) About 70 D) About 100 Answer: C) About 70 Explanation: ICAR now has about 70 All India Coordinated Research projects covering various disciplines and commodity crops, livestock, fisheries, home science, and agricultural engineering. How many research institutes does ICAR directly administer? A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 32 Answer: D) 32 Explanation: ICAR directly administers 32 research institutes in the fields of agriculture, animal sciences, and fisheries. Which institute is known as the premier agricultural research institute in India? A) Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) B) National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) C) Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) D) All of the above Answer: C) Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Explanation: The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, is known as the premier agricultural research institute in India. What was the purpose of the Project for Identification of Regional Research on Cotton, Oilseeds, and Millets (PIRRCOM)? A) To establish regional research stations B) To coordinate research on multiple crops C) To develop new crop varieties D) To conduct research on soil fertility Answer: B) To coordinate research on multiple crops Explanation: PIRRCOM aimed to coordinate research on cotton, oilseeds, and millets across

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    MCQ on Description of Indian civilization and agriculture by travelers from China, Europe, and the USA

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , ,

    1. Which crops were primarily grown as spring crops in the riverain tract of the Indus according to Allchins? A) Rice and pulses B) Wheat and barley C) Millets and sesame D) Maize and sorghum Correct Answer: B) Wheat and barley Explanation: According to Allchins, wheat and barley were the principal food grains grown as spring (rabi) crops in the riverain tract of the Indus. 2. What did the Greek writers praise about Indian soil and climate conditions? A) Scarcity of rainfall B) Unfavorable climate for agriculture C) Fertility of soil and favorable climate D) Lack of agricultural diversity Correct Answer: C) Fertility of soil and favorable climate Explanation: The Greek writers highly praised the fertility of Indian soil and favorable climate conditions for agriculture. 3. According to Megasthenes, when was wheat typically sown in India? A) Summer solstice B) Autumn equinox C) Winter rains D) Spring equinox Correct Answer: C) Winter rains Explanation: Megasthenes mentioned the sowing of wheat in early winter rains in India. 4. What did the Chinese pilgrim Hsieun Tsang mention about the gardening at the monastic University of Nalanda? A) Streams of blue water and green lotus flowers B) Mango groves and sandal trees C) Cherry blossoms and pine trees D) Orchards of apples and peaches Correct Answer: A) Streams of blue water and green lotus flowers Explanation: Hsieun Tsang described streams of blue water winding through the parks and green lotus flowers sparkling among the blossoms of sandal trees. 5. What did Sher Shah regulate to ensure the safety of peasants and their crops? A) Protection of forests B) Trade tariffs C) Victorious standards D) Safety of roads Correct Answer: C) Victorious standards Explanation: Sher Shah regulated the protection of the peasantry and safety of their crops by ensuring the safety of his victorious standards. 6. Which civilization is associated with the cultivation of wheat and barley as mentioned in the text? A) Mesopotamian civilization B) Indus Valley civilization C) Egyptian civilization D) Chinese civilization Correct Answer: B) Indus Valley civilization Explanation: The cultivation of wheat and barley in the riverain tract of the Indus is associated with the Indus Valley civilization. 7. What did the Greek writers affirm about India’s agricultural productivity? A) India had a single rainfall and single harvest. B) India had a double rainfall and single harvest. C) India had a double rainfall and double harvest. D) India had a single rainfall and double harvest. Correct Answer: C) India had a double rainfall and double harvest. Explanation: The Greek writers affirmed that India had a double rainfall and generally gathered two harvests. 8. According to Megasthenes, what were some of the winter crops grown in India? A) Rice and sesame B) Wheat and barley C) Maize and millets D) Lentils and chickpeas Correct Answer: B) Wheat and barley Explanation: Megasthenes mentioned wheat, barley, pulse, and other esculent fruits as winter crops grown in India. 9. What did the Chinese pilgrim Hsieun Tsang describe about the surroundings of the monastic University of Nalanda? A) Mango groves outside the enclosure B) Orchards of apples and peaches C) A desert landscape D) Streams of blue water and green lotus flowers Correct Answer: A) Mango groves outside the enclosure Explanation: While describing the surroundings of the monastic University of Nalanda, Hsieun Tsang mentioned a mango grove spreading outside the enclosure. 10. Who among the mentioned travelers praised the gardens at the monastic University of Nalanda? A) Megasthenes B) Sher Shah C) Hsieun Tsang D) Diodorus Correct Answer: C) Hsieun Tsang Explanation: Hsieun Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim, praised the gardens at the monastic University of Nalanda, describing them as picturesque with streams of blue water and green lotus flowers. 11. How did Sher Shah ensure the safety of cultivations according to the text? A) By stationing horsemen around fields B) By imposing heavy taxes on farmers C) By restricting agricultural practices D) By encouraging trespassing on fields Correct Answer: A) By stationing horsemen around fields Explanation: Sher Shah personally examined the state of cultivation and stationed horsemen around fields to prevent trespassing, ensuring the safety of cultivations. 12. Which traveler provides evidence of the structure of Mughal gardens and the plants grown in them? A) Abu-l-Fazl B) Terry C) Francois Bernier D) Anwari Correct Answer: D) Anwari Explanation: Anwari, a Persian poet, provides evidence of the structure of Mughal gardens and the plants grown in them through his collection of poems, Diwan-i-Anwari. 13. According to Abu-l-Fazl, how many kinds of sugarcane are mentioned? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four Correct Answer: C) Three Explanation: Abu-l-Fazl mentions three kinds of sugarcane: paunda, black, and ordinary. 14. Which European traveler mentioned the abundance of musk-melons and other fruits in India? A) Abu-l-Fazl B) Terry C) Francois Bernier D) Anwari Correct Answer: B) Terry Explanation: Terry, an English traveler, mentioned the abundance of musk-melons and various other fruits like watermelons, pomegranates, lemons, oranges, dates, figs, grapes, coconut, plantains, mangoes, pineapples, pears, and apples. 15. What does Terry mention about the use of coffee by some people? A) It was considered unhealthy B) It was used for cooking C) It was a common beverage D) It was used for religious rituals Correct Answer: C) It was a common beverage Explanation: Terry mentions that many religious people drank coffee, considering it a “wholesome liquor” that quickened the spirit and cleansed the blood. 16. Who among the European travelers is described as the most intelligent and learned during the Mughal rule? A) Terry B) Anwari C) Abu-l-Fazl D) Francois Bernier Correct Answer: D) Francois Bernier Explanation: Francois Bernier, a Frenchman, is described as the most intelligent and learned among the European travelers during the Mughal rule. 17. What does Abu-l-Fazl provide a list of in the Aini-Akbari? A) Types of animals B) Varieties of spices C) Fragrant flowering plants D) Different kinds of fruits Correct Answer: C) Fragrant flowering plants Explanation: Abu-l-Fazl provides a list of twenty-one fragrant flowering plants along with the color of their flowers and

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    MCQ on Role of cattle and other domestic animals – management of cattle for draught and milk – indigenous breeds

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged ,

    MCQ on Role of cattle and other domestic animals – management of cattle for draught and milk – indigenous breeds for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. Which country ranks first in both cattle and buffalo population globally? a) China b) India c) United States d) Brazil Answer: b) India Explanation: India ranks first in both cattle and buffalo population globally, with 15% and 52% respectively. 2. How many breeds of cattle does India have? a) 10 b) 15 c) 26 d) 30 Answer: c) 26 Explanation: India has the largest number of cattle breeds in the world, totaling 26. 3. Which characteristics make zebu cattle prized in India and globally? a) Cold tolerance and high milk production b) Disease resistance and heat tolerance c) Ability to survive in waterlogged areas d) Short gestation period and large body size Answer: b) Disease resistance and heat tolerance Explanation: Zebu cattle are highly valued for their disease resistance, heat tolerance, and ability to thrive in harsh environments. 4. What percentage of India’s gross national product is contributed by animal husbandry? a) 10% b) 26.4% c) 50% d) 75% Answer: b) 26.4% Explanation: Animal husbandry contributes 26.4% to India’s gross national product. 5. What is the annual growth rate of animal husbandry in India? a) 2.5% b) 6.2% c) 10% d) 15.5% Answer: b) 6.2% Explanation: The annual growth rate of animal husbandry in India is 6.2%. 6. Which sector ranks first in milk production globally? a) China b) United States c) India d) Brazil Answer: c) India Explanation: India ranks first in milk production globally. 7. How does animal husbandry contribute to agriculture and rural life? a) By providing employment opportunities only b) By serving as a source of food, power, and other resources c) By reducing crop yields through overgrazing d) By contributing to urbanization Answer: b) By serving as a source of food, power, and other resources Explanation: Animal husbandry contributes to agriculture and rural life by providing various resources such as food, power, manure, etc. 8. Which animal is not mentioned as a source of various products in the passage? a) Cattle b) Sheep c) Dogs d) Goats Answer: c) Dogs Explanation: Dogs are not mentioned as a source of various products in the passage. 9. What is the significance of indigenous breeds in India’s livestock heritage? a) They are known for their high milk production. b) They contribute to genetic diversity and adaptation to local conditions. c) They are primarily raised for meat production. d) They are imported from other countries. Answer: b) They contribute to genetic diversity and adaptation to local conditions. Explanation: Indigenous breeds play a significant role in India’s livestock heritage by contributing to genetic diversity and adaptation to local conditions. 10. Which continent has not received zebu cattle exports from India? a) Asia b) Africa c) Europe d) Australia Answer: c) Europe Explanation: Zebu cattle exports from India have been received by countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia, but not Europe. 11. Which animal was the first to be domesticated according to the passage? a) Cow b) Dog c) Horse d) Elephant Answer: b) Dog Explanation: The passage states that the dog was the first animal to be domesticated in the Old Stone Age (10,000 BC). 12. In which period were other farm animals domesticated according to the passage? a) Old Stone Age b) Middle Ages c) New Stone Age d) Industrial Revolution Answer: c) New Stone Age Explanation: Other farm animals were domesticated in the New Stone Age, around 7500-6500 BC. 13. Which animals were considered to be domesticated first in Europe and Asia? a) Cow and pig b) Horse and cow c) Sheep and goat d) Dog and cat Answer: b) Horse and cow Explanation: It is considered that the horse and cow were domesticated first in Europe and Asia. 14. Which animal was domesticated first in China? a) Cow b) Pig c) Horse d) Elephant Answer: b) Pig Explanation: The passage mentions that the pig was domesticated first in China. 15. According to the passage, which animal was domesticated first in India? a) Cow b) Pig c) Elephant d) Buffalo Answer: d) Buffalo Explanation: The passage states that poultry, elephants, and buffaloes were domesticated first in India. 16. What does evidence from Mohenjo-daro suggest about indigenous cattle breeds? a) They were brought to India by Aryans. b) They originated outside of India. c) They originated in India. d) They were imported from Europe. Answer: c) They originated in India Explanation: Evidence from Mohenjo-daro excavation suggests that indigenous breeds of cattle originated in India and were not brought by Aryans. 17. According to Vedic literature, what are some uses of animals and birds for human society? a) Only food items such as milk and meat b) Only medicinal purposes c) Various purposes including food, medicine, clothing, and agriculture d) Entertainment purposes only Answer: c) Various purposes including food, medicine, clothing, and agriculture Explanation: Vedic literature mentions multiple uses of animals and birds for human society, including food items, medicines, clothing, and agriculture. 18. What do animals and bird sounds indicate according to Vedic literature? a) Future weather patterns b) Presence of food sources c) Upcoming festivals d) Directions for hunting Answer: a) Future weather patterns Explanation: According to Vedic literature, animal and bird sounds serve as indicators of future events such as rains, lightning, and earthquakes. 19. Which civilization’s excavation suggests the origin of indigenous cattle breeds in India? a) Egyptian civilization b) Indus Valley civilization c) Mesopotamian civilization d) Roman civilization Answer: b) Indus Valley civilization Explanation: Evidence from Mohenjo-daro excavation, which belongs to the Indus Valley civilization, suggests the origin of indigenous cattle breeds in India. 20. What was the order of domestication of animals according to the passage? a) Elephant, horse, cow, pig b) Cow, horse, dog, elephant c) Dog, goat, sheep, cow d) Dog, goat, sheep, cow, buffalo, pig, elephant, horse, camel, ass Answer:

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    MCQ on Vegetable Farming, Floriculture, Perfumes and Medicinal Plant

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , ,

    Vegetable Farming, Floriculture, Perfumes and Medicinal Plant MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. Multiple-Choice Questions on Vegetable Crops in India 1. What are the major vegetable crops found in the Humid Western Himalayan Region of India? A) Cucurbits, radish, carrot, turnip, cowpea, fenugreek, amaranthus B) Eggplant, cucumber, ridge and sponge gourd C) Brinjal, Abelmoschus manihot, Momordica chodinchinensis, Sechium edule D) None of the above Answer: A) Cucurbits, radish, carrot, turnip, cowpea, fenugreek, amaranthus Explanation: The major vegetable crops found in the Humid Western Himalayan Region of India include cucurbits, radish, carrot, turnip, cowpea, fenugreek, and amaranthus. 2. Which region of India is known for its distribution of crops like cucurbits, radish, cowpea, chillies, brinjal, Abelmoschus manihot, Momordica chodinchinensis, and Sechium edule? A) Humid Western Himalayan Region B) Humid Bengal/Assam Basin C) Southern Plateau and Hills Region D) Coastal Plains and Islands Region Answer: B) Humid Bengal/Assam Basin Explanation: The Humid Bengal/Assam Basin region in India is known for its distribution of crops such as cucurbits, radish, cowpea, chillies, brinjal, Abelmoschus manihot, Momordica chodinchinensis, and Sechium edule. 3. How many species of major and minor vegetables are estimated to occur in India? A) Around 30 B) Around 50 C) Around 80 D) Around 100 Answer: C) Around 80 Explanation: India is estimated to have around 80 species of major and minor vegetables, along with several wild edible species. 4. Which of the following is not listed as a major vegetable crop in the Humid Western Himalayan Region of India? A) Turnip B) Cowpea C) Brinjal D) Fenugreek Answer: C) Brinjal Explanation: Brinjal is not listed as a major vegetable crop in the Humid Western Himalayan Region. The major crops listed for this region include cucurbits, radish, carrot, turnip, cowpea, fenugreek, and amaranthus. 5. What are Vavilovian centres? A) Centres of agricultural research B) Centres for the distribution of vegetable seeds C) Centres of crop plant diversity D) Centres of urban farming Answer: C) Centres of crop plant diversity Explanation: Vavilovian centres refer to geographical areas recognized for their exceptional diversity in crop plants. 6. Which of the following vegetables is not native to the Indian subcontinent? A) Eggplant B) Cucumber C) Ridge gourd D) Tomato Answer: D) Tomato Explanation: Among the options listed, tomato is not native to the Indian subcontinent. 7. What is the primary focus of vegetable farming in India? A) Maximizing grain production B) Exporting exotic vegetables C) Catering to domestic consumption and nutrition needs D) Growing cash crops for industrial use Answer: C) Catering to domestic consumption and nutrition needs Explanation: Vegetable farming in India primarily focuses on catering to domestic consumption and fulfilling nutrition needs. 8. Which agro-ecological region of India is known for its cultivation of brinjal, chillies, and cowpea? A) Humid Western Himalayan Region B) Southern Plateau and Hills Region C) Humid Bengal/Assam Basin D) Coastal Plains and Islands Region Answer: C) Humid Bengal/Assam Basin Explanation: The Humid Bengal/Assam Basin region of India is known for cultivating crops like brinjal, chillies, and cowpea. 9. Which of the following vegetables is commonly cultivated in the Southern Plateau and Hills Region of India? A) Carrot B) Brinjal C) Radish D) Cucumber Answer: B) Brinjal Explanation: Brinjal is commonly cultivated in the Southern Plateau and Hills Region of India. 10. What is the significance of the Indian subcontinent as a Vavilovian centre? A) It has the highest vegetable crop yield in the world B) It has a high level of biodiversity in several vegetable crops C) It exports the most vegetable seeds globally D) It has the oldest vegetable farming tradition Answer: B) It has a high level of biodiversity in several vegetable crops Explanation: The Indian subcontinent is significant as a Vavilovian centre due to its high level of biodiversity in several vegetable crops, which contributes to global agricultural diversity and resilience. Multiple-Choice Questions on Agro-Ecological Regions and Crop Cultivation in India 11. Which of the following regions in India is known for the cultivation of crops like Solanum torvum and S. sisymbrifolium? A) Humid Eastern Himalayan Region and Bay Islands B) Sub-humid Sutlej, Ganga Alluvial Plains C) Humid Eastern and Southeastern Uplands D) Arid Western Plains Answer: A) Humid Eastern Himalayan Region and Bay Islands Explanation: Solanum torvum and S. sisymbrifolium are crops cultivated in the Humid Eastern Himalayan Region and Bay Islands. 12. Which agro-ecological region of India is known for the cultivation of crops such as fenugreek, onion, garlic, Solanum hispidum, and S. surattense? A) Humid Eastern Himalayan Region and Bay Islands B) Sub-humid Sutlej, Ganga Alluvial Plains C) Humid Eastern and Southeastern Uplands D) Arid Western Plains Answer: B) Sub-humid Sutlej, Ganga Alluvial Plains Explanation: The Sub-humid Sutlej, Ganga Alluvial Plains region of India is known for cultivating crops such as fenugreek, onion, garlic, Solanum hispidum, and S. surattense. 13. Which region in India is characterized by the cultivation of crops like cucurbits, radish, carrot, cowpea, chillies, brinjal, okra, and spinach? A) Humid Eastern Himalayan Region and Bay Islands B) Sub-humid Sutlej, Ganga Alluvial Plains C) Humid Eastern and Southeastern Uplands D) Arid Western Plains Answer: C) Humid Eastern and Southeastern Uplands Explanation: Crops like cucurbits, radish, carrot, cowpea, chillies, brinjal, okra, and spinach are cultivated in the Humid Eastern and Southeastern Uplands region of India. 14. Which of the following regions is known for the cultivation of crops like cucurbits, cauliflower, carrot, peas, fenugreek, onion, garlic, and Citrullus sp.? A) Humid Eastern Himalayan Region and Bay Islands B) Sub-humid Sutlej, Ganga Alluvial Plains C) Arid Western Plains D) Semi-Arid Lava Plateau and Central Highlands Answer: C) Arid Western Plains Explanation: The Arid Western Plains region of India is known for cultivating crops like cucurbits, cauliflower, carrot, peas, fenugreek, onion, garlic, and Citrullus sp. 15. Which agro-ecological region of India encompasses states like Maharashtra and West Madhya Pradesh and is known for crops such as cucurbits, cauliflower, radish, fenugreek, Solanum torvum, S. nigrum, and S. kharianum? A) Humid Eastern

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    MCQ on Traditional Knowledge Technology

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , ,

    Traditional Knowledge Technology  MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. Which of the following best describes the current state of agriculture in India, according to the passage? A) Self-sufficiency achieved through sustainable farming methods. B) Reliance on exploitative agriculture with increased use of chemicals and machinery. C) Adoption of traditional farming practices leading to increased productivity. D) Dependence on indigenous farming techniques to combat environmental challenges. Answer: B) Reliance on exploitative agriculture with increased use of chemicals and machinery. Explanation: The passage states that India has moved towards “exploitative” agriculture with increased dependency on machinery and chemicals, which has proven counterproductive. 2. What is suggested as the best solution to the agricultural challenges mentioned in the passage? A) Completely abandoning modern technology. B) Focusing solely on traditional farming practices. C) Blending modern technology with traditional knowledge. D) Promoting industrialized agriculture. Answer: C) Blending modern technology with traditional knowledge. Explanation: The passage suggests that integrating scientific and traditional knowledge could help develop sustainable and locally applicable agricultural technologies. 3. Which group is highlighted as possessing valuable indigenous agricultural knowledge? A) Urban farmers B) Tribals C) International researchers D) Agricultural scientists Answer: B) Tribals Explanation: The passage mentions that tribals possess a lot of indigenous agricultural know-how due to centuries of accumulated experiences. 4. What is the potential consequence of neglecting traditional agricultural practices? A) Increased agricultural productivity B) Environmental degradation C) Decreased reliance on chemicals D) Preservation of soil and water resources Answer: B) Environmental degradation Explanation: Neglecting traditional practices can lead to environmental degradation, as mentioned in the passage. 5. According to the passage, how long has traditional farming been practiced in India? A) Since the Industrial Revolution B) Since the Vedic age (3700 BC) C) Since the Renaissance D) Since the 19th century Answer: B) Since the Vedic age (3700 BC) Explanation: The passage states that traditional farming has been practiced in India since the Vedic age. 6. What is the main challenge mentioned in the passage regarding the preservation of traditional agricultural knowledge? A) Lack of technological advancements B) Limited availability of resources C) Lack of appreciation and understanding D) Government regulations Answer: C) Lack of appreciation and understanding Explanation: The passage mentions that many beneficial practices have been lost due to lack of appreciation, highlighting this as a challenge. 7. What is proposed as a necessary step to ensure wider adoption of indigenous farming practices? A) Increased government regulations B) Promotion of urban farming C) Scientific validation and promotion D) Abandonment of modern technology Answer: C) Scientific validation and promotion Explanation: The passage suggests that traditional practices need to be scientifically validated for wider adoption. 8. What is the primary emphasis of the passage regarding the integration of modern and traditional agricultural practices? A) Economic profitability B) Environmental sustainability C) Technological advancement D) Social equality Answer: B) Environmental sustainability Explanation: The passage emphasizes blending modern and traditional knowledge to achieve environmentally sound and sustainable agricultural practices. 9. What is identified as the fundamental issue for sustainable development in agriculture? A) Increased use of chemicals B) Dependency on machinery C) Environmental degradation D) Lack of government support Answer: C) Environmental degradation Explanation: The passage highlights environmental degradation as a fundamental issue for sustainable development in agriculture. 10. Which term best describes the approach advocated in the passage for addressing agricultural challenges? A) Isolationism B) Innovation C) Conservation D) Industrialization Answer: B) Innovation Explanation: The passage advocates for blending modern and traditional knowledge to innovate sustainable agricultural practices. Here are 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the provided text about traditional crop protection methods, along with answers and explanations: 11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a traditional method of crop protection in the passage? A) Soaking maize seeds in cow urine B) Treating rice seedlings with neem kernel extract C) Spraying cow dung solution on paddy fields D) Using chemical pesticides for pest control **Answer:** D) Using chemical pesticides for pest control **Explanation:** The passage discusses traditional, eco-friendly methods such as soaking seeds in cow urine, using neem kernel extract, and spraying natural solutions like cow urine and asafoetida, but does not mention the use of chemical pesticides. 12. What is the purpose of soaking maize seeds in cow urine, according to farmers? A) To improve germination rate B) To enhance resistance against insect pests C) To increase crop yield D) To prevent fungal diseases **Answer:** B) To enhance resistance against insect pests **Explanation:** The passage states that soaking maize seeds in cow urine is believed to increase resistance against insect pests. 13. Which method is recommended for controlling paddy blast and bacterial blight in paddy fields? A) Spraying neem oil solution B) Treating seeds with cow dung extract C) Soaking seeds in water mixed with asafoetida D) Spraying a solution of cow dung and water **Answer:** D) Spraying a solution of cow dung and water **Explanation:** The passage mentions that spraying a solution of cow dung prepared by mixing it with water was observed to control paddy blast and bacterial blight in paddy fields. 14. How do farmers address insect holes made by shoot borers and bark eaters in mango trees? A) Pouring kerosene in the holes B) Blocking holes with cow dung C) Placing jaggery in the holes D) All of the above **Answer:** D) All of the above **Explanation:** The passage mentions multiple methods including placing jaggery, pouring kerosene, and blocking holes with cow dung to address insect holes in mango trees. 15. What is the purpose of mixing common salt with soil near the collar region of mango trees? A) To improve soil fertility B) To repel insects C) To enhance tree growth D) To prevent infestation of shoot borers **Answer:** D) To prevent infestation of shoot borers **Explanation:** The passage states that mixing common salt with soil near the collar region of mango trees is for the prevention of infestation of shoot borers. 16. Which traditional method is

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    MCQ on gardening in ancient and medieval period – arbori horticulture

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , ,

    Gardening in ancient and medieval period – arbori horticulture MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. Which civilization revered trees and worshipped them during the Chalcolithic period? – A) Mesopotamian Civilization – B) Egyptian Civilization – C) Indus Valley Civilization – D) Greek Civilization **Answer: C) Indus Valley Civilization** Explanation: The passage mentions that during the chalcolithic period, the people of the Indus Valley Civilization had great reverence for trees and worshipped them. 2. Which tree was considered sacred by the ancient people of the Indus Valley? – A) Mango – B) Neem – C) Oak – D) Pine **Answer: B) Neem** Explanation: The passage specifically mentions neem (Azadirachta indica) as one of the sacred trees held in reverence by the ancient people of the Indus Valley. 3. What is the term used to describe the belief that trees were symbolic of gods and goddesses in the Indus Valley Civilization? – A) Arboreal Worship – B) Vriksha Devata – C) Botanic Devotion – D) Tree Deification **Answer: B) Vriksha Devata** Explanation: The passage mentions the belief in vriksha devata or vriksha devi, which refers to the gods and goddesses believed to dwell within trees in the Indus Valley Civilization. 4. According to the passage, what were trees considered to be in ancient India? – A) Merely Natural Elements – B) Divine and Spiritual Entities – C) Economic Resources Only – D) Obstacles to Human Progress **Answer: B) Divine and Spiritual Entities** Explanation: The passage states that in ancient India, trees were considered divine and spiritual, symbolizing various aspects such as tree knowledge, the tree of life, and medicinal properties. 5. What literary texts mentioned the Cosmic Tree rooted in the Brahman during the Mauryan period? – A) Vedas and Upanishads – B) Greek Epics – C) Chinese Classics – D) Persian Poetry **Answer: A) Vedas and Upanishads** Explanation: The passage states that texts like Vedas and Upanishads from the Mauryan period described the Cosmic Tree rooted in the Brahman. 6. Which period saw vast secular literature and texts discussing various aspects of trees and nature? – A) Gupta Period – B) Mauryan Period – C) Vedic Period – D) Kushan Period **Answer: B) Mauryan Period** Explanation: The passage mentions that after the rise of the Mauryas in the 4th to 3rd century BC, there was vast secular literature and texts discussing trees and nature. 7. What were the branches of the Cosmic Tree described in the Upanishads? – A) Wood, Leaves, and Fruits – B) Space, Wind, Fire, Water, and Earth – C) Love, Hope, and Faith – D) Sun, Moon, and Stars **Answer: B) Space, Wind, Fire, Water, and Earth** Explanation: According to the passage, the Upanishads describe the branches of the Cosmic Tree as space, wind, fire, water, and earth. 8. Which tree was personified as human attributes in the archaeological evidences of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa? – A) Mango – B) Pipal (Ficus religiosa) – C) Olive – D) Willow **Answer: B) Pipal (Ficus religiosa)** Explanation: The passage mentions that in archaeological evidences of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, certain trees like pipal were personified with human attributes. 9. What did trees symbolize in the Indus Valley Civilization? – A) Material Wealth – B) Environmental Balance – C) Gods and Goddesses – D) Agricultural Productivity **Answer: C) Gods and Goddesses** Explanation: The passage indicates that in the Indus Valley Civilization, trees were believed to symbolize gods and goddesses, with divine entities dwelling within them. 10. Which period marked the belief in trees as the tree of life and medicinal resources? – A) Gupta Period – B) Vedic Period – C) Mauryan Period – D) Harappan Period **Answer: B) Vedic Period** Explanation: The passage suggests that in ancient India, particularly during the Vedic period, trees were believed to symbolize the tree of life and were also seen as medicinal resources. 11. Which tree is identified with Shiva in Brahmanical religion? – A) Ashoka (Saraca asoca) – B) Asvattha (Ficus religiosa) – C) Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) – D) Bilva (Aegle marmelos) **Answer: B) Asvattha (Ficus religiosa)** Explanation: According to the passage, in Brahmanical religion, the tree identified with Shiva is asvattha (Ficus religiosa). 12. Which of the following trees is associated with Lord Buddha’s birth and attainment of nirvana? – A) Ashoka (Saraca asoca) – B) Pipal (Ficus religiosa) – C) Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) – D) Amla (Emblica officinalis) **Answer: B) Pipal (Ficus religiosa)** Explanation: The passage mentions that Lord Buddha was born under the pipal tree and attained nirvana under the bodhi tree, which is also a type of pipal tree. 13. What kind of tree is the bodhi tree, sacred to Buddhists? – A) Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) – B) Ashoka (Saraca asoca) – C) Pipal (Ficus religiosa) – D) Amla (Emblica officinalis) **Answer: C) Pipal (Ficus religiosa)** Explanation: The passage indicates that the bodhi tree, under which the Buddha attained nirvana, is sacred to Buddhists, and it is a type of pipal tree. 14. Which of the following literary works describes the layout of gardens and parks in the city of Indraprastha? – A) Vedas – B) Ramayana – C) Mahabharata – D) Jatakas **Answer: C) Mahabharata** Explanation: The passage mentions that the layout of gardens and parks in the city of Indraprastha is described in the Sabha-Parva of the Mahabharata. 15. Which tree is predominant in the Ashokavana or Panchavati garden where Sita was held captive in the Ramayana? – A) Bilva (Aegle marmelos) – B) Amla (Emblica officinalis) – C) Ashoka (Saraca asoca) – D) Asvattha (Ficus religiosa) **Answer: C) Ashoka (Saraca asoca)** Explanation: The passage mentions that Ashoka trees were predominant in the Ashokavana or Panchavati garden where Sita was held captive in the Ramayana. 16. According to the passage, which literary work mentions Kalpavrksa and kalpalata? – A) Vedas – B) Ramayana – C) Mahabharata – D) Jatakas **Answer: B) Ramayana** Explanation: The passage states that Kalpavrksa and kalpalata are mentioned in the

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    MCQ on Crops – indigenous and introduced – history of rice, sugarcane and cotton

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged ,

    MCQ on Crops – indigenous and introduced – history of rice, sugarcane, and cotton for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. Which crop contributes the highest percentage to the utilization of cereals for food, feed, and industrial purposes according to the given passage? – A) Wheat – B) Rice – C) Maize – D) Coarse grains – **Answer: D) Coarse grains** – **Explanation: The passage states that coarse grains contribute 53.7% to the utilization of cereals for food, feed, and industrial purposes.** 2. What has been the long-term trend in cereal economics over the past fifty years as mentioned in the passage? – A) Decrease in wheat production – B) Increase in rice consumption – C) Shift towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize – D) Replacement of rice with coarse grains – **Answer: C) Shift towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize** – **Explanation: The passage states that there has been a long-term trend towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize in cereal economics over the past fifty years.** 3. Which regions have achieved higher growth in production and consumption of cereals according to the passage? – A) Developed countries – B) European countries – C) Developing countries – D) African countries – **Answer: C) Developing countries** – **Explanation: Developing countries have achieved higher growth in production and consumption of cereals, as stated in the passage.** 4. What is one of the reasons for the projected increase in world demand for cereals mentioned in the passage? – A) Decrease in population – B) Decrease in income levels – C) Increase in taste preferences – D) Decrease in food trade – **Answer: C) Increase in taste preferences** – **Explanation: The passage states that one of the reasons for the projected increase in world demand for cereals is the change in taste and income of people.** 5. According to the passage, what is the projected annual increase in world demand for cereals in the next 25 years? – A) 1-2% – B) 2-3% – C) 3-4% – D) 4-5% – **Answer: B) 2-3%** – **Explanation: The passage states that the projected annual increase in world demand for cereals in the next 25 years is 2-3%.** 6. What is the primary role of cereals in the food security system of several nations according to the passage? – A) Providing medicinal benefits – B) Sustaining life – C) Enhancing industrial production – D) Promoting environmental sustainability – **Answer: B) Sustaining life** – **Explanation: The passage mentions that cereals, including wheat, rice, and maize, are considered life-sustaining crops for humans.** 7. Which of the following statements regarding the utilization of cereals is true according to the passage? – A) Rice contributes the highest percentage to utilization. – B) Coarse grains are primarily used for industrial purposes. – C) Wheat contributes the lowest percentage to utilization. – D) Maize is the only cereal with increasing utilization. – **Answer: A) Rice contributes the highest percentage to utilization.** – **Explanation: According to the passage, rice contributes 20.8% to the utilization of cereals.** 8. What has been the trend in the utilization of coarse grains over the past fifty years? – A) Decrease in utilization – B) Increase in utilization – C) Stable utilization – D) Shift towards industrial utilization – **Answer: A) Decrease in utilization** – **Explanation: The passage mentions a long-term trend towards wheat and rice, with a decrease in the utilization of coarse grains.** 9. Which sector has shown rapid expansion in the utilization of cereals in developing countries? – A) Industrial sector – B) Agricultural sector – C) Health sector – D) Livestock sector – **Answer: D) Livestock sector** – **Explanation: The passage states that there has been a rapid expansion of cereals as feed in developing countries.** 10. What challenge does the passage highlight in maintaining adequate food supply for larger sections of the population? – A) Decrease in world demand for cereals – B) Increase in agricultural productivity – C) Rise in deficits in developing countries – D) Decrease in population growth – **Answer: C) Rise in deficits in developing countries** – **Explanation: The passage mentions that developing countries have recorded a rise in deficits, indicating a challenge in maintaining adequate food supply for larger sections of the population.** 11. During which cultural stage or time did the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occur? – A) Paleolithic – B) Neolithic (10000 years ago) – C) Medieval rotation (500-1450 AD) – D) Late 1700s – **Answer: B) Neolithic (10000 years ago)** – **Explanation: The shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred during the Neolithic period, around 10,000 years ago.** 12. Which agricultural system is associated with the lowest cereal yield per hectare? – A) Shifting agriculture – B) Medieval rotation – C) Livestock farming – D) Improved farming – **Answer: A) Shifting agriculture** – **Explanation: Shifting agriculture is associated with a cereal yield of 1 ton per hectare, which is the lowest among the options provided.** 13. During which period did livestock farming become prominent? – A) Paleolithic – B) Neolithic (10000 years ago) – C) Medieval rotation (500-1450 AD) – D) Late 1700s – **Answer: D) Late 1700s** – **Explanation: Livestock farming became prominent in the late 1700s according to the provided information.** 14. Which agricultural system is associated with the highest world population? – A) Shifting agriculture – B) Medieval rotation – C) Livestock farming – D) Improved farming – **Answer: D) Improved farming** – **Explanation: Improved farming, associated with the 20th century, is linked to the highest world population of 4200 million.** 15. What concept of agriculture development has been introduced by the Bruntland Commission? – A) Sustainable agriculture development – B) Industrial agriculture development – C) Traditional agriculture development – D) Modern agriculture development – **Answer: A) Sustainable agriculture development** – **Explanation: The Bruntland Commission introduced the concept of sustainable agriculture development.** 16. According to the concept of

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    MCQ on Plant Protection in Ancient Period

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , ,

    MCQ on Plant Protection in Ancient Period for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What were some of the methods used for plant protection in ancient India? a) Chemical pesticides b) Prayers and mantras c) Biological control d) Crop rotation – **Answer:** b) Prayers and mantras – **Explanation:** The text mentions that in ancient India, the only methods known for protecting crops were prayers and mantras. 2. What were some of the pests mentioned in Sanskrit affecting crops? a) Aphids and caterpillars b) Gandhi, Shankhi, Pandarmundi c) Ladybugs and grasshoppers d) Beetles and flies – **Answer:** b) Gandhi, Shankhi, Pandarmundi – **Explanation:** The text lists pests such as gandhi, Shankhi, and Pandarmundi affecting crops. 3. What is “gandhi” believed to represent among the listed pests? a) Offensive odor b) Leaf-chewing insect c) Soil-borne fungus d) Grain-eating bird – **Answer:** a) Offensive odor – **Explanation:** The text suggests that “gandhi” corresponds to the offensive odor, possibly referring to the gandhi bug. 4. What could “shankhi” likely be according to the text? a) Beetle b) Snail c) Caterpillar d) Grasshopper – **Answer:** b) Snail – **Explanation:** The text indicates that “shankhi” must be a snail. 5. What does “pandarmundi” signify in the context of crop damage? a) Yellowing leaves b) White head symptom c) Black spots on stems d) Wilting of plants – **Answer:** b) White head symptom – **Explanation:** The text suggests that “pandarmundi” means white head, which is a typical symptom of the attack of rice stem borer. 6. What is the possible meaning of “dhuli” in relation to plant diseases? a) Powdery mildew b) Rust disease c) Leaf spot d) Root rot – **Answer:** a) Powdery mildew – **Explanation:** The text indicates that “dhuli” means powder, which could refer to powdery mildew of wheat and barley. 7. According to ancient Indian beliefs, what were considered the causes of internal plant diseases? a) Insects and birds b) Fungi and bacteria c) Vata, pitta, and kafa d) Weather conditions – **Answer:** c) Vata, pitta, and kafa – **Explanation:** The text mentions that ancient Indians considered internal diseases of plants to be caused by “vata”, “pitta”, and “kafa”. 8. How were plant diseases categorized based on their causes? a) External and internal b) Biotic and abiotic c) Fungal and bacterial d) Viral and parasitic – **Answer:** a) External and internal – **Explanation:** The text states that ancient Indians categorized plant diseases into two categories: internal and external. 9. Which animals were mentioned as destroyers of crops in ancient India? a) Lions and tigers 116 b) Goats, rats, wild boars c) Elephants and bears d) Wolves and foxes – **Answer:** b) Goats, rats, wild boars – **Explanation:** The text lists goats, rats, and wild boars among the animals mentioned as destroyers of crops. 10. What is suggested as the trigger for developing plant protection technology in ancient India? a) Increased rainfall b) Economic injury level c) Crop rotation practices d) Introduction of chemical pesticides – **Answer:** b) Economic injury level – **Explanation:** The text implies that when the damage to crops due to different pests reached the economic injury level, people might have started thinking about plant protection and developing protection technology. 11. According to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda, what kind of diseases are bacteria, viruses, and nematodes categorized as? a) External diseases b) Internal diseases c) Fungal diseases d) Abiotic diseases – **Answer:** b) Internal diseases – **Explanation:** Bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are mentioned in the context of internal Disorders were observed in trees in Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda. 12. What are the symptoms attributed to the presence of Vata in trees according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Leaf yellowing and premature drop b) Trunk slender and crooked, knots on trunk or leaves c) Decay of flowers and fruits d) Generally yellowing of leaves and fruits – **Answer:** b) Trunk slender and crooked, knots on trunk or leaves – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda attributes symptoms such as trunk slender and crooked, knots on trunk or leaves, and generally yellowing of leaves and fruits to the presence of Vata in trees. 13. What is suggested as the cause of Vata according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Excessive watering b) Saline or alkaline soils c) Arid land with excessive supply of dry and pungent matters d) Viral diseases – **Answer:** c) Arid land with excessive supply of dry and pungent matters – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda states that Vata occurs on arid land due to excessive supply of dry and pungent matters. 14. Which of the following is listed as a possible cause for symptoms attributed to Pitta according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Root-infecting fungi b) Leaf-galling insects c) Salinity in irrigation water d) Underground mechanical barrier – **Answer:** c) Salinity in irrigation water – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda mentions salinity in irrigation water as a possible cause for symptoms attributed to Pitta. 15. When do symptoms attributed to Pitta usually occur according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Early spring b) Midsummer c) End of summer d) Autumn – **Answer:** c) End of summer – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda mentions that symptoms attributed to Pitta occur at the end of summer if trees are excessively watered with bitter, sour, salty, and strong materials. 16. What is suggested as a possible cause for fruit decays according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Leaf-galling insects b) Root-infecting fungi c) Salinity in irrigation water d) Viral diseases – **Answer:** d) Viral diseases – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda suggests that fruit decays could be due to viral diseases. 17. According to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda, what kind of diseases are insects categorized as? a) External diseases b) Internal diseases c) Fungal diseases d) Biotic diseases – **Answer:** a) External diseases – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda categorizes insects as external diseases affecting trees. 18. What external factor is listed as a possible cause for symptoms attributed to Vata? a) Frost b) Waterlogging c) Drought d) Excessive watering – **Answer:** c) Drought – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda mentions drought as an external factor causing symptoms attributed

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    MCQ On Water Harvesting And Irrigation Developments during different periods

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , ,

    MCQ On Water Harvesting And Irrigation Developments during different periods – water storage –distribution and relevance to modern agriculture. for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What were some of the irrigation principles adopted in the ancient period? – A) Construction of large mud embankments on a stone foundation – B) Building of small tanks – C) Imposition of penalties for letting water out other than through sluice gates – D) All of the above – **Correct Answer: D** – **Explanation:** The passage outlines various irrigation principles adopted in the ancient period, including construction of large mud embankments, building small tanks, and imposition of penalties for improper water management. 2. Where were extensive tank irrigation systems adopted in ancient times? – A) Sri Lanka and South India – B) Mesopotamia – C) Egypt – D) China – **Correct Answer: A** – **Explanation:** Extensive tank irrigation systems were adopted in Sri Lanka and later in South India, as described in the passage. 3. What was a special feature of tank construction in the Telengana region? – A) Construction of large concrete dams – B) Tank construction in series by bunding the same valley at several points – C) Use of underground pipelines for water distribution – D) Importation of water from neighboring regions – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that a special feature of tanks in the Telengana region was construction in series by bunding the same valley at several points. 4. What did ancient kings in Sri Lanka emphasize regarding rainfall? – A) Rainfall should be prevented from reaching the sea. – B) Rainfall should only benefit the royal court. – C) Rainfall should be used for religious ceremonies. – D) Rainfall should benefit agriculture and not go to waste. – **Correct Answer: D** – **Explanation:** Ancient kings in Sri Lanka practiced the principle that not even a drop of rainfall should go to sea without benefiting humans, particularly agriculture, as stated in the passage. 5. How was the maintenance of tanks managed in ancient times? – A) By appointed royal engineers – B) By a committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ – C) Through private contractors – D) By foreign consultants – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that for the maintenance of tanks, a committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ was appointed. 6. What was the preferred order of water use according to the passage? – A) Flowers, vegetables, food crops – B) Food crops, flowers, vegetables – C) Vegetables, food crops, flowers – D) Flowers, food crops, vegetables – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage suggests that the preference for water use should be in the order of food crops, vegetables, and flowers. 7. What penalty was imposed for improper water management in ancient times? – A) Exile – B) Execution – C) Fines – D) Imprisonment – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage indicates that severe penalties were imposed when water was let out other than through sluice gates, which implies fines or similar punishments. 8. Which region is described as ideally suited for tank construction? – A) Sahara Desert – B) Amazon Rainforest – C) Telengana region of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka – D) Rocky Mountains – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage states that the topography of the Telengana region of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka is ideally suited for the construction of tanks. 9. What was the purpose of constructing large mud embankments on a stone foundation in the ancient period? – A) To prevent flooding – B) To divert flood water from the river – C) To create fishing ponds – D) To build roads – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that one of the irrigation principles adopted in the ancient period was the construction of large mud embankments on a stone foundation for diverting flood water from the river. 10. What did the committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ ensure? – A) Construction of new tanks – B) Distribution of seeds – C) Repairs and de-silting of tanks – D) Organization of agricultural fairs – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage states that the committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ was appointed for the maintenance of tanks, ensuring repairs and de-silting. 11. What method was commonly used to draw water from wells for irrigation in ancient times? – A) Persian wells – B) Hand pumps – C) Bullocks pulling leather bags with ropes – D) Windmills – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that in ancient times, bullocks were used to draw water from wells for irrigation by pulling leather bags with ropes. 12. During which period did the practice of irrigation to crops evolve? – A) Ancient Period – B) Chalcolithic Period – C) Vedic Period – D) Medieval Period – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage indicates that the practice of irrigation to crops evolved during the Chalcolithic Period (3000 – 1700 BC). 13. What irrigation method was practiced during the Vedic period? – A) Canals from rivers to fields – B) Pumping water from wells using machinery – C) Rainfed agriculture – D) Desalination plants – **Correct Answer: A** – **Explanation:** During the Vedic period (1500 – 1600 BC), people employed craftsmen to dig channels from rivers to their fields for irrigation, as mentioned in the passage. 14. When did the irrigation of rice cultivation begin in India? – A) Medieval Period – B) Pandyas / Cholas / Cheras Period – C) Vedic Period – D) Ancient Period – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage states that irrigated rice cultivation started during the Pandyas / Cholas / Cheras Period (1st Century 300 AD) in India. 15. What irrigation infrastructure was developed during the Mogul period? – A) Windmills – B) Hand-drawn wells – C) Canals, dams, and tanks – D) Underground pipelines – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** During the Medieval

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    MCQ On Ancient Soil Classification And Maintenance

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , , , , , ,

    Ancient Soil Classification And Maintenance MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What are the three primary geographical classifications of soil in ancient times according to Surapala? a. Arid, marshy, ordinary b. Fertile, barren, desert c. Black, white, pale d. Sweet, sour, salty **Answer: a. Arid, marshy, ordinary** Explanation: Surapala classified soils into jangala (arid), anupa (marshy), and samanya (ordinary) based on their geographical distribution. 2. How many soil classifications were identified in the Rig-veda based on soil fertility, irrigation, and physical characteristics? a. 6 b. 10 c. 12 d. 15 **Answer: c. 12** Explanation: The Rig-veda identified 12 soil classifications based on various factors including fertility, irrigation, and physical characteristics. 3. Which of the following is not one of the soil classifications mentioned in the text? a. Maru (desert) b. Nadimatruka (land water from river) c. Kaveri (rainfed) d. Shadvala (grassy) **Answer: c. Kaveri (rainfed)** Explanation: The text mentions 12 soil classifications, and “Kaveri” is not one of them. 4. What did Kautilya recommend as manure for soil fertility? a. Cow dung only b. Animal bones and fishes c. Milk only d. All of the above **Answer: d. All of the above** Explanation: Kautilya mentioned the use of cow dung, animal bones, fishes, and milk as manure. 5. How long does it take for composting according to Kirishi-parashara? a. One week b. Two weeks c. Three weeks d. Four weeks **Answer: b. Two weeks** Explanation: According to Kirishi-parashara, the duration for composting is two weeks. 6. What is the traditional method of preparing liquid manure (Kunapa) according to Surapala? a. Boiling a mixture of animal excreta and water b. Boiling animal excreta, bone marrow, flesh, and dead fish in water c. Mixing animal excreta with honey d. Adding ghee to animal excreta **Answer: b. Boiling animal excreta, bone marrow, flesh, and dead fish in water** Explanation: Surapala describes the preparation of liquid manure (Kunapa) by boiling a mixture of animal excreta, bone marrow, flesh, and dead fish in water. 7. Which plant is used as green manure in Rajasthan to bring up moisture and nutrients from underground? a. Calotropis gigantiea b. Prosopis cineraria c. Mortinda tinctoria d. Theprosia purpurea **Answer: b. Prosopis cineraria** Explanation: Prosopis cineraria is used as green manure in Rajasthan to bring up moisture and nutrients from underground. 8. What ancient farming practice is now recommended under organic farming concepts? a. Crop rotation b. Monoculture c. Chemical fertilization d. Deforestation **Answer: a. Crop rotation** Explanation: Crop rotation, along with other practices like intercropping and green manuring, adopted in ancient times, are now recommended under organic farming concepts. 9. Which of the following was not a classification of soil in Sangam Tamil literature? a. Mullai (forest) b. Kuringi (hills) c. Marudham (cultivable) d. Neithal (coastal) **Answer: c. Marudham (cultivable)** Explanation: Marudham was a classification of soil in Sangam Tamil literature. 10. What did ancient farmers mostly rely on for enriching soil fertility? a. Chemical fertilizers b. Synthetic pesticides c. Crop residues, manures, legumes, and neem d. Genetically modified organisms **Answer: c. Crop residues, manures, legumes, and neem** Explanation: Ancient farmers mostly relied on crop residues, manures, legumes, and neem for enriching soil fertility. 11. Which ancient text emphasized the importance of manure for crop yield? a. Rig-veda b. Kautilya’s Arthashastra c. Kirishi-parashara d. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda **Answer: c. Kirishi-parashara** Explanation: Kirishi-parashara stressed the importance of manure for crop yield. 12. What is the duration for composting according to Kautilya’s recommendations? a. One week b. Two weeks c. Three weeks d. Four weeks **Answer: b. Two weeks** Explanation: Kautilya recommended a duration of two weeks for composting. 13. Which of the following was not mentioned as an ingredient in the preparation of liquid manure (Kunapa) according to Surapala? a. Animal excreta b. Bone marrow c. Milk d. Ghee **Answer: c. Milk** Explanation: Surapala’s description of liquid manure preparation does not include milk as an ingredient. 14. What traditional weed is used as green manure in North India? a. Kochia indica b. Calotropis gigantiea c. Mortinda tinctoria d. Prosopis cineraria **Answer: a. Kochia indica** Explanation: Kochia indica is used as green manure in North India. 15. According to Sangam Tamil literature, which soil classification refers to hills? a. Mullai b. Kuringi c. Marudham d. Neithal **Answer: b. Kuringi** Explanation: Kuringi refers to hills according to Sangam Tamil literature. 16. Which ancient farming practice involves planting different crops in alternating seasons to replenish soil nutrients? a. Monoculture b. Crop rotation c. Intensive farming d. Agroforestry **Answer: b. Crop rotation** Explanation: Crop rotation involves planting different crops in alternating seasons to replenish soil nutrients. 17. What is the purpose of using green manures in agriculture? a. To control pests and diseases b. To provide shade to crops c. To improve soil fertility and structure d. To increase water retention in soil **Answer: c. To improve soil fertility and structure** Explanation: Green manures are used in agriculture to improve soil fertility and structure. 18. Which ancient text mentions the use of liquid manure (Kunapa) prepared by boiling animal parts and other ingredients? a. Rig-veda b. Kautilya’s Arthashastra c. Kirishi-parashara d. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda **Answer: d. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda** Explanation: Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda describes the preparation of liquid manure (Kunapa). 19. Which plant is used as green manure in Tamil Nadu? a. Calotropis gigantiea b. Prosopis cineraria c. Mortinda tinctoria d. Ipomoea Adathoda **Answer: d. Ipomoea Adathoda** Explanation: Ipomoea Adathoda is used as green manure in Tamil Nadu. 20. What is the main focus of traditional soil management practices? a. Maximizing crop yield at any cost b. Minimizing environmental impact c. Eliminating the need for human labor d. Utilizing chemical inputs for rapid growth **Answer: b. Minimizing environmental impact** Explanation: The main focus of traditional soil management practices is to minimize environmental impact while maintaining soil fertility. 21. According to ancient classifications, which type of soil was described as “fertile”? a. Urvara b. Ushara c. Maru d. Sharkaravari **Answer: a. Urvara** Explanation: Urvara was

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