MCQ on Crops – indigenous and introduced – history of rice, sugarcane, and cotton for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams.
1. Which crop contributes the highest percentage to the utilization of cereals for food, feed, and
industrial purposes according to the given passage?
– A) Wheat
– B) Rice
– C) Maize
– D) Coarse grains
– **Answer: D) Coarse grains**
– **Explanation: The passage states that coarse grains contribute 53.7% to the utilization of cereals for food, feed, and industrial purposes.**
2. What has been the long-term trend in cereal economics over the past fifty years as mentioned in
the passage?
– A) Decrease in wheat production
– B) Increase in rice consumption
– C) Shift towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize
– D) Replacement of rice with coarse grains
– **Answer: C) Shift towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize**
– **Explanation: The passage states that there has been a long-term trend towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize in cereal economics over the past fifty years.**
3. Which regions have achieved higher growth in production and consumption of cereals according
to the passage?
– A) Developed countries
– B) European countries
– C) Developing countries
– D) African countries
– **Answer: C) Developing countries**
– **Explanation: Developing countries have achieved higher growth in production and consumption
of cereals, as stated in the passage.**
4. What is one of the reasons for the projected increase in world demand for cereals mentioned in
the passage?
– A) Decrease in population
– B) Decrease in income levels
– C) Increase in taste preferences
– D) Decrease in food trade
– **Answer: C) Increase in taste preferences**
– **Explanation: The passage states that one of the reasons for the projected increase in world
demand for cereals is the change in taste and income of people.**
5. According to the passage, what is the projected annual increase in world demand for cereals in the
next 25 years?
– A) 1-2%
– B) 2-3%
– C) 3-4%
– D) 4-5%
– **Answer: B) 2-3%**
– **Explanation: The passage states that the projected annual increase in world demand for cereals
in the next 25 years is 2-3%.**
6. What is the primary role of cereals in the food security system of several nations according to the
passage?
– A) Providing medicinal benefits
– B) Sustaining life
– C) Enhancing industrial production
– D) Promoting environmental sustainability
– **Answer: B) Sustaining life**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that cereals, including wheat, rice, and maize, are
considered life-sustaining crops for humans.**
7. Which of the following statements regarding the utilization of cereals is true according to the
passage?
– A) Rice contributes the highest percentage to utilization.
– B) Coarse grains are primarily used for industrial purposes.
– C) Wheat contributes the lowest percentage to utilization.
– D) Maize is the only cereal with increasing utilization.
– **Answer: A) Rice contributes the highest percentage to utilization.**
– **Explanation: According to the passage, rice contributes 20.8% to the utilization of cereals.**
8. What has been the trend in the utilization of coarse grains over the past fifty years?
– A) Decrease in utilization
– B) Increase in utilization
– C) Stable utilization
– D) Shift towards industrial utilization
– **Answer: A) Decrease in utilization**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions a long-term trend towards wheat and rice, with a decrease
in the utilization of coarse grains.**
9. Which sector has shown rapid expansion in the utilization of cereals in developing countries?
– A) Industrial sector
– B) Agricultural sector
– C) Health sector
– D) Livestock sector
– **Answer: D) Livestock sector**
– **Explanation: The passage states that there has been a rapid expansion of cereals as feed in
developing countries.**
10. What challenge does the passage highlight in maintaining adequate food supply for larger
sections of the population?
– A) Decrease in world demand for cereals
– B) Increase in agricultural productivity
– C) Rise in deficits in developing countries
– D) Decrease in population growth
– **Answer: C) Rise in deficits in developing countries**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that developing countries have recorded a rise in deficits,
indicating a challenge in maintaining adequate food supply for larger sections of the population.**
11. During which cultural stage or time did the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occur?
– A) Paleolithic
– B) Neolithic (10000 years ago)
– C) Medieval rotation (500-1450 AD)
– D) Late 1700s
– **Answer: B) Neolithic (10000 years ago)**
– **Explanation: The shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred during the Neolithic
period, around 10,000 years ago.**
12. Which agricultural system is associated with the lowest cereal yield per hectare?
– A) Shifting agriculture
– B) Medieval rotation
– C) Livestock farming
– D) Improved farming
– **Answer: A) Shifting agriculture**
– **Explanation: Shifting agriculture is associated with a cereal yield of 1 ton per hectare, which is
the lowest among the options provided.**
13. During which period did livestock farming become prominent?
– A) Paleolithic
– B) Neolithic (10000 years ago)
– C) Medieval rotation (500-1450 AD)
– D) Late 1700s
– **Answer: D) Late 1700s**
– **Explanation: Livestock farming became prominent in the late 1700s according to the provided
information.**
14. Which agricultural system is associated with the highest world population?
– A) Shifting agriculture
– B) Medieval rotation
– C) Livestock farming
– D) Improved farming
– **Answer: D) Improved farming**
– **Explanation: Improved farming, associated with the 20th century, is linked to the highest world
population of 4200 million.**
15. What concept of agriculture development has been introduced by the Bruntland Commission?
– A) Sustainable agriculture development
– B) Industrial agriculture development
– C) Traditional agriculture development
– D) Modern agriculture development
– **Answer: A) Sustainable agriculture development**
– **Explanation: The Bruntland Commission introduced the concept of sustainable agriculture
development.**
16. According to the concept of sustainable agriculture development, what should be ensured
regarding the long-term effects of development?
– A) Immediate gains should outweigh long-term consequences.
– B) Long-term effects should prioritize current needs over future generations.
– C) Long-term effects should not damage the rightful heritage of future generations.
– D) Development should focus solely on short-term benefits.
– **Answer: C) Long-term effects should not damage the rightful heritage of future generations.**
– **Explanation: The concept of sustainable agriculture development ensures that long-term effects
of development do not damage the rightful heritage of future generations.**
17. What is one specific aspect of sustainable agriculture development concerning food security?
– A) Increasing production at the expense of ecological balance
– B) Satisfying growing demands without regard for ecological preservation
– C) Preserving basic ecological balance while increasing production to satisfy growing demands
– D) Ignoring ecological concerns to maximize production
– **Answer: C) Preserving basic ecological balance while increasing production to satisfy growing
demands**
– **Explanation: Sustainable agriculture development, in terms of food security, calls for preserving
basic ecological balance while increasing production to satisfy growing demands.**
18. Which agricultural practice involves the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and improved crop varieties?
– A) Shifting agriculture
– B) Livestock farming
– C) Medieval rotation
– D) Improved farming
– **Answer: D) Improved farming**
– **Explanation: Improved farming involves the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and improved crop
varieties, according to the provided source.**
19. What was the primary focus of agriculture during the Neolithic period?
– A) Livestock farming
– B) Crop rotation
– C) Shifting agriculture
– D) Settlement and cultivation of crops
– **Answer: D) Settlement and cultivation of crops**
– **Explanation: Agriculture during the Neolithic period primarily focused on settlement and
cultivation of crops.**
20. What is the trend in land holding per person from the Paleolithic to the Improved farming
period?
– A) Decrease
– B) Increase
– C) Stable
– D) Fluctuating
– **Answer: A) Decrease**
– **Explanation: The trend in land holding per person decreases from 7 hectares in the Paleolithic
period to 0.3 hectares in the Improved farming period, according to the provided information.**
21. Which stage in agricultural development is associated with the Paleolithic era?
– A) Shifting agriculture
– B) Medieval rotation
– C) Livestock farming
– D) Hunting and gathering
– **Answer: D) Hunting and gathering**
– **Explanation: The Paleolithic era is associated with hunting and gathering, as mentioned in the
passage.**
22. What cultural stage is associated with the Neolithic era in agricultural development?
– A) Shifting agriculture
– B) Medieval rotation
– C) Livestock farming
– D) Improved farming
– **Answer: A) Shifting agriculture**
– **Explanation: The Neolithic era is associated with shifting agriculture, as stated in the passage.**
23. During which time period did livestock farming become prominent in agricultural development?
– A) Late 1700s
– B) 20th century
– C) 500-1450 AD
– D) Paleolithic era
– **Answer: A) Late 1700s**
– **Explanation: Livestock farming became prominent in the late 1700s, according to the
passage.**
24. What technological advancements are associated with improved farming in the 20th century?
– A) Use of fertilizers, pesticides, and improved crop varieties
– B) Introduction of plows and irrigation systems
– C) Development of crop rotation techniques
– D) Implementation of organic farming practices
– **Answer: A) Use of fertilizers, pesticides, and improved crop varieties**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that improved farming in the 20th century involved the use
of fertilizers, pesticides, and improved crop varieties.**
25. According to the passage, what concept has been introduced to ensure that the long-term effects
of agricultural development do not damage the rightful heritage of future generations?
– A) Sustainable agriculture development
– B) Genetic resource conservation
– C) Ecological preservation
– D) Crop diversity enhancement
– **Answer: A) Sustainable agriculture development**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions the concept of “sustainable agriculture development”
introduced by the Bruntland Commission.**
26. Why has the utilization and access to genetic resources become an increasingly important issue?
– A) Due to decline in technological advancements
– B) Due to changes in legal situations concerning ownership
– C) Due to decreased recognition in the value of biological diversity
– D) Due to reduced erosion of plant genetic material
– **Answer: B) Due to changes in legal situations concerning ownership**
– **Explanation: The passage states that changes in legal situations concerning ownership of
genetic resources have made utilization and access to genetic resources an increasingly important
issue.**
27. What is one consequence of agricultural development mentioned in the passage?
– A) Decrease in genetic vulnerability of cultivated species
– B) Increase in genetic diversity of cultivated species
– C) Accelerated erosion of plant genetic material
– D) Enhancement of genetic capabilities of crops
– **Answer: C) Accelerated erosion of plant genetic material**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that agricultural development has markedly accelerated
erosion of plant genetic material.**
28. Which genus does rice belong to?
– A) Triticum
– B) Hordeum
– C) Oryza
– D) Zea – **Answer: C) Oryza**
– **Explanation: Rice belongs to the genus Oryza, as mentioned in the passage.**
29. Where is the majority of rice production and consumption concentrated?
– A) Africa
– B) Europe
– C) South and Southeast Asia
– D) Americas
– **Answer: C) South and Southeast Asia**
– **Explanation: The passage states that about 90% of rice production and consumption is in South and Southeast Asia.**
30. What is one characteristic of rice mentioned in the passage?
– A) It is a desert crop.
– B) It is a leguminous plant.
– C) It is grown only in rainfed lowland areas.
– D) It exhibits great diversity and is grown in various environments.
– **Answer: D) It exhibits great diversity and is grown in various environments.**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that rice is a semi-aquatic graminaceous crop with great
diversity, grown in various environments ranging from uplands to deepwater areas.**
31. Which continent is mentioned as the origin of rice cultivation?
– A) Europe
– B) Africa
– C) Asia
– D) South America
– **Answer: C) Asia**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that rice cultivation originated in Asia, particularly in
regions along the Himalayas and adjoining areas such as Assam, Bangladesh, Burma, and Thailand.**
32. When was Asian rice culture established, according to archaeological evidence?
– A) Around 5000 years ago
– B) Around 3000 years ago
– C) Around 7000 years ago
– D) Around 2000 years ago
– **Answer: C) Around 7000 years ago**
– **Explanation: The passage states that Asian rice culture was established around 7000 years ago,
based on archaeological evidence.**
33. What is the oldest evidence of rice cultivation in India, as per the passage?
– A) 5000-4000 BC in Assam
– B) 1100-800 BC in New Delhi
– C) 1500-1100 BC in Uttar Pradesh
– D) 3000-2000 BC in Tamil Nadu
– **Answer: C) 1500-1100 BC in Uttar Pradesh**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the oldest evidence of rice cultivation in India was
found in samples collected at Atrankikar in Uttar Pradesh, dating back to 1500-1100 BC.**
34. What was the evolutionary path of the genus Oryza, according to the passage?
– A) Wild perennial to wild annual to cultivated perennial
– B) Wild annual to wild perennial to cultivated annual
– C) Wild perennial to wild annual to cultivated annual
– D) Cultivated annual to wild perennial to wild annual
– **Answer: C) Wild perennial to wild annual to cultivated annual**
– **Explanation: The passage describes the evolutionary path of the genus Oryza as from wild
perennial to wild annual to cultivated annual.**
35. Which human activity strongly assisted in the differentiation of different geographical races of
Oryza sativa?
– A) Industrialization
– B) Urbanization
– C) Agriculture
– D) Trade – **Answer: C) Agriculture**
– **Explanation: The passage states that the differentiation of different geographical races of Oryza
sativa, such as japonica, javanica, and indica, was strongly assisted by human selection, which is a
part of agriculture.**
36. What is the primary reason suggested for the transformation from perennial to annual types in
rice?
– A) Human intervention
– B) Climatic stress during the Pleistocene period
– C) Geological changes – D) Natural disasters
– **Answer: B) Climatic stress during the Pleistocene period**
– **Explanation: The passage suggests that climatic changes during the Pleistocene period induced
physiological stress in herbaceous flora, leading to the transformation from perennial to annual types
in rice.**
37. Which continent is mentioned as having the two main cultigens of rice, Oryza sativa and Oryza
glaberrima?
– A) Asia
– B) Africa
– C) Europe
– D) North America
– **Answer: B) Africa**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that Oryza sativa is found in Asia and Oryza glaberrima is
found in Africa.**
38. What are the three main geographical races of Oryza sativa mentioned in the passage?
– A) Americana, Arabica, and Indica
– B) Japonica, Javanica, and Indica
– C) Australis, Africana, and Indica
– D) Indica, Sinica, and Australica
– **Answer: B) Japonica, Javanica, and Indica**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the geographical races of Oryza sativa include japonica,
javanica, and indica.**
39. What role did human selection play in the evolution of different geographical races of rice?
– A) It hindered differentiation.
– B) It had no influence.
– C) It accelerated differentiation.
– D) It caused extinction.
– **Answer: C) It accelerated differentiation.**
– **Explanation: The passage suggests that human selection strongly assisted in the differentiation
of different geographical races of rice.**
40. Which region is mentioned as the place of major diversity where rice might have been
domesticated?
– A) South America
– B) Europe
– C) Asia mainland along the Himalayas
– D) Australia
– **Answer: C) Asia mainland along the Himalayas**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the place of major diversity where rice might have
been domesticated is roughly the east-west belt along the Himalayas and adjoining Asia mainland.**
41. Why is the use of primitive cultivars and wild species in breeding programs limited, according to
the passage?
– A) They lack valuable genes.
– B) They possess undesirable characters.
– C) They are resistant to chemical mutagens.
– D) They have high yields.
– **Answer: B) They possess undesirable characters.**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that primitive cultivars and wild species possess undesirable
characters such as shattering of grains, sterility, and red grains, limiting their use in breeding
programs.**
42. What has been found possible in recent years regarding the elimination of undesirable characters
in rice breeding programs?
– A) Precise elimination of undesirable characters while maintaining vital characteristics
– B) Introduction of more undesirable characters
– C) Inability to eliminate undesirable characters
– D) Increased use of primitive cultivars
– **Answer: A) Precise elimination of undesirable characters while maintaining vital
characteristics**
– **Explanation: The passage states that in recent years, precise elimination of undesirable
characters while maintaining vital characteristics has been found possible in rice breeding
programs.**
43. What beneficial trait did short culm mutants induced in the Assam type of O. rufipogon exhibit?
– A) Increased shattering of grains
– B) Improved adaptability under waterlogged conditions
– C) Reduced tillering
– D) Enhanced grain size
– **Answer: B) Improved adaptability under waterlogged conditions**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that short culm mutants induced in the Assam type of O.
rufipogon exhibited improved adaptability under waterlogged conditions during the monsoon.**
44. Which cotton species are indigenous to Asia and Africa, according to the passage?
– A) Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense
– B) Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum
– C) Gossypium rufipogon and G. sativum
– D) Gossypium thurberi and G. tomentosum
– **Answer: B) Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum**
– **Explanation: The passage states that the diploid species G. arboreum and G. herbaceum are
indigenous to Asia and Africa.**
45. When were the new world cottons introduced into India?
– A) 4th millennium BC
– B) 3000 BC
– C) 18th century AD
– D) Last decade of the 20th century
– **Answer: C) 18th century AD**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the new world cottons were introduced into India in
the 18th century AD.**
46. What is the significance of cotton in India by the last decade of the 20th century?
– A) India became the largest exporter of cotton.
– B) India developed genetically modified cotton varieties.
– C) India had the largest cropped area of cotton.
– D) India stopped cotton cultivation.
– **Answer: C) India had the largest cropped area of cotton.**
– **Explanation: The passage states that by the last decade of the 20th century, India had the
largest cropped area of cotton.**
47. What evidence supports the antiquity of cotton in the Indian subcontinent?
– A) Fabrics dating back to 3000 BC recovered from excavations in Sind
– B) Introduction of cotton in the 18th century AD
– C) Large-scale cotton cultivation in the 20th century
– D) Genetic studies of cotton species
– **Answer: A) Fabrics dating back to 3000 BC recovered from excavations in Sind**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that fabrics dated approximately 3000 BC, recovered from
Mohenjo-daro excavations in Sind, were identified to have originated from cotton plants.**
48. Which species of cotton are considered the true cottons?
– A) Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense
– B) Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum
– C) Gossypium rufipogon and G. sativum
– D) Gossypium thurberi and G. tomentosum
– **Answer: A) Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the lint-bearing species of the genus Gossypium,
considered the true cottons, include G. hirsutum and G. barbadense.**
49. What types of cultivars did India grow by the last decade of the 20th century, according to the
passage?
– A) Uniform in fiber quality
– B) Limited in botanical species and composition
– C) Diverse in botanical species and composition
– D) Suitable only for coarse yarn
– **Answer: C) Diverse in botanical species and composition**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that India grew the most diverse cultivars in terms of
botanical species and composition by the last decade of the 20th century.**
50. What role did primitive cultivars and allied wild species play in rice breeding programs?
– A) They were extensively used for breeding.
– B) They were the only sources of desirable genes.
– C) They had limited use due to undesirable traits.
– D) They were resistant to chemical mutagens.
– **Answer: C) They had limited use due to undesirable traits.**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the use of primitive cultivars and allied wild species in
rice breeding programs is limited due to their possession of undesirable characters such as shattering
of grains, sterility, and red grains.**
51. What evidence suggests the presence of true cottons in the Indian subcontinent during the
Harappan civilization?
– A) Textile craftsmanship
– B) Archaeological artifacts
– C) Historical records
– D) Genetic studies
– **Answer: A) Textile craftsmanship**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that cotton textiles of the Harappan civilization were
produced by sophisticated textile craftsmanship, indicating the presence of true cottons in the Indian
subcontinent during that time.**
52. In which regions have species of Gossypium herbaceum been found?
– A) India and Pakistan
– B) West Africa and Sudan
– C) Ethiopia and Sudan
– D) Yemen and Pakistan
– **Answer: D) Yemen and Pakistan**
– **Explanation: The passage states that species of G. herbaceum have been found from the coastal
strip northwest of Karachi (Pakistan), through northern Baluchistan to south Yemen, Ethiopia, and
Sudan.**
53. Where is it suggested that Gossypium arboreum cottons were first brought into cultivation?
– A) West Africa
– B) India
– C) Sudan
– D) Pakistan
– **Answer: B) India**
– **Explanation: According to Hutchinson (1971), it is likely that G. arboreum cottons were first
brought into cultivation in Gujarat (India) or Sind (Pakistan).**
54. What is suggested about the differentiation of the three perennial races of Gossypium
arboreum?
– A) It occurred after domestication.
– B) It occurred simultaneously with domestication.
– C) It contributed separately to cultivated cottons in Asia and Africa.
– D) It had no influence on cultivated cottons.
– **Answer: C) It contributed separately to cultivated cottons in Asia and Africa.**
– **Explanation: The passage suggests that the differentiation of the three perennial races of G.
arboreum pre-dated domestication and that each contributed separately to cultivated cottons in Asia
and Africa.**
55. What types of cotton were primarily grown in India until the middle of the 18th century?
– A) Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense
– B) Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum
– C) Gossypium thurberi and G. tomentosum
– D) Gossypium rufipogon and G. sativum
– **Answer: B) Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that until the middle of the 18th century, only indigenous
arboreum and herbaceum varieties of cotton were grown in different regions of India.**
56. What was the reason behind the request to encourage the growth and improvement of Indian
cottons by the Governor General in 1788?
– A) To meet the requirements of the Indian textile industry
– B) To boost local craftsmanship
– C) To compete with Chinese cotton production
– D) To meet the requirements of the Lancashire textile industry
– **Answer: D) To meet the requirements of the Lancashire textile industry**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that in 1788, the Governor General was requested to
encourage the growth and improvement of Indian cottons to meet the requirements of the
Lancashire textile industry.**
57. What type of yarns were produced by local artisans in India from even the short staple and
coarse cottons?
– A) Coarse yarns
– B) Medium yarns
– C) Fine yarns
– D) Extra-fine yarns
– **Answer: C) Fine yarns**
– **Explanation: The passage states that very fine yarns were produced by local artisans in India,
even from the short staple and coarse cottons.**
58. What happened to local cotton production in India by 1900 AD?
– A) It decreased significantly.
– B) It remained stable.
– C) It increased rapidly.
– D) It became the largest in the world.
– **Answer: B) It remained stable.**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the local cotton production had stabilized by 1900 AD.**
59. What is the significance of Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium arboreum in cotton
cultivation?
– A) They are wild varieties.
– B) They are tetraploid species.
– C) They are diploid species.
– D) They are indigenous to Asia and Africa.
– **Answer: D) They are indigenous to Asia and Africa.**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that G. herbaceum and G. arboreum are indigenous to Asia and Africa.**
60. What evidence supports the presence of true cottons during the Harappan civilization?
– A) Textile production techniques
– B) Genetic studies
– C) Historical records
– D) Trade routes
– **Answer: A) Textile production techniques**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that cotton textiles of the Harappan civilization were
produced by sophisticated textile craftsmanship, indicating the presence of true cottons during that time.**
61. Where was sugarcane first domesticated?
– A) India
– B) China
– C) Egypt
– D) Brazil
– **Answer: A) India**
– **Explanation: The passage clearly states that the origin of sugarcane was India.**
62. How long ago does the Atarna Veda indicate that sugarcane originated?
– A) 1000-3000 years ago
– B) 3000-7000 years ago
– C) 7000-10,000 years ago
– D) Less than 500 years ago
– **Answer: B) 3000-7000 years ago**
– **Explanation: The passage states that evidence revealed that 3000-7000 years ago, the Atarna
Veda indicated that sugarcane originated.**
63. What treatment method for sugarcane is mentioned in the Kautilya Artha Sastra?
– A) Irrigation techniques
– B) Fertilizer application
– C) Cowdung sett treatment
– D) Pruning methods
– **Answer: C) Cowdung sett treatment**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that earlier indications in the Kautilya Artha Sastra also
mentioned about the cowdung sett treatment for sugarcane.**
64. Which species of sugarcane was first domesticated?
– A) Saccharum officinarum
– B) Saccharum spontaneum
– C) Saccharum barberi
– D) Saccharum sinense
– **Answer: A) Saccharum officinarum**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions that the species Saccharum officinarum was first
domesticated in India.**
65. Which cereal crop was domesticated in the Indian subcontinent?
– A) Wheat
– B) Barley
– C) Rice
– D) Maize
– **Answer: C) Rice**
– **Explanation: The passage lists Oryza sativa (Rice) as one of the cereal crops domesticated in the
Indian subcontinent.**
66. Which plant is not listed as a fiber crop cultivated in India?
– A) Jute
– B) Cotton
– C) Flax
– D) Hemp
– **Answer: C) Flax**
– **Explanation: Flax is not listed in the provided list of fiber crops cultivated in India.**
67. What is the botanical name for Indian mustard?
– A) Brassica nigra
– B) Brassica oleracea
– C) Brassica juncea
– D) Brassica rapa
– **Answer: C) Brassica juncea**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions Brassica juncea as the botanical name for Indian mustard.**
68. Which of the following is not listed as a fruit cultivated in India?
– A) Banana
– B) Mango
– C) Apple
– D) Jujube
– **Answer: C) Apple**
– **Explanation: The passage lists mango (Mangifera indica), banana (Musa paradisiaca), and jujube
(Zizyphus jujuba) as fruits cultivated in India, but not apple.**
69. Which medicinal plant is known as Indian gooseberry?
– A) Emblica officinale
– B) Withania somnifera
– C) Bacopa monnieri
– D) Centella asiatica
– **Answer: A) Emblica officinale**
– **Explanation: Emblica officinale is commonly known as Indian gooseberry.**
70. Which spice is derived from the plant Curcuma longa?
– A) Saffron
– B) Ginger
– C) Turmeric
– D) Cinnamon
– **Answer: C) Turmeric**
– **Explanation: The passage mentions Curcuma domestica syn. C. longa as turmeric.**
Certainly! Here are five more multiple-choice questions:
71. Which plant is commonly used as a spice and condiment, known as the “queen of spices”?
– A) Saffron
– B) Cardamom
– C) Cumin
– D) Clove
– **Answer: B) Cardamom**
– **Explanation: Cardamom is often referred to as the “queen of spices” due to its aromatic
properties and widespread culinary use.**
72. What is the scientific name for black pepper?
– A) Capsicum annuum
– B) Piper nigrum
– C) Capsicum frutescens
– D) Piper longum
– **Answer: B) Piper nigrum**
– **Explanation: Black pepper is scientifically known as Piper nigrum.**
73. Which plant is commonly used in traditional medicine and is known for its adaptogenic
properties?
– A) Ashwagandha
– B) Brahmi
– C) Tulsi
– D) Guduchi
– **Answer: A) Ashwagandha**
– **Explanation: Ashwagandha is an herb commonly used in traditional medicine for its
adaptogenic properties, helping the body adapt to stress.**
74. Which spice is derived from the dried stigma of a flower and is one of the most expensive spices
by weight?
– A) Saffron
– B) Vanilla
– C) Cardamom
– D) Nutmeg
– **Answer: A) Saffron**
– **Explanation: Saffron is derived from the dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower and is known
for its distinct flavor, aroma, and vibrant color. It is one of the most expensive spices by weight.**
75. Which plant is commonly used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its cognitive-enhancing
properties?
– A) Bacopa monnieri
– B) Ashoka tree
– C) Shankhpushpi
– D) Shatavari
– **Answer: A) Bacopa monnieri**
– **Explanation: Bacopa monnieri, also known as Brahmi, is commonly used in traditional
Ayurvedic medicine for its cognitive-enhancing properties, such as improving memory and
concentration.** Of course! Here are five additional multiple-choice questions:
76. Which plant, known for its strong aroma and flavor, is commonly used as a natural breath
freshener in many cultures?
– A) Fennel
– B) Peppermint
– C) Anise
– D) Cardamom
– **Answer: D) Cardamom**
– **Explanation: Cardamom is often used as a natural breath freshener due to its strong aromatic
properties.**
77. What is the primary compound responsible for the characteristic taste and smell of cinnamon?
– A) Menthol
– B) Cinnamaldehyde
– C) Capsaicin
– D) Eugenol
– **Answer: B) Cinnamaldehyde**
– **Explanation: Cinnamaldehyde is the primary compound in cinnamon responsible for its
characteristic taste and smell.**
78. Which spice, commonly used in curry dishes, is derived from the dried ripe fruit of a tropical
plant?
– A) Cumin
– B) Turmeric
– C) Coriander
– D) Fenugreek
– **Answer: D) Fenugreek**
– **Explanation: Fenugreek seeds, derived from the dried ripe fruit of the Trigonella foenum
graecum plant, are commonly used in curry dishes.**
79. What is the main active compound in turmeric responsible for its medicinal properties?
– A) Curcumin
– B) Capsaicin
– C) Resveratrol
– D) Quercetin
– **Answer: A) Curcumin**
– **Explanation: Curcumin is the main active compound in turmeric, known for its anti
inflammatory and antioxidant properties.**
80. Which herb, often used in Italian cuisine, belongs to the mint family and has a sweet, slightly
peppery flavor?
– A) Basil
– B) Oregano
– C) Thyme
– D) Rosemary
– **Answer: A) Basil**
– **Explanation: Basil, belonging to the mint family, is commonly used in Italian cuisine and has a
sweet, slightly peppery flavor.**
Certainly! Here are five more multiple-choice questions:
81. Which spice, commonly used in Indian cuisine, is derived from the dried ripe seeds of a fruit
native to the Indian subcontinent?
– A) Clove
– B) Cumin
– C) Mustard
– D) Fenugreek
– **Answer: B) Cumin**
– **Explanation: Cumin is derived from the dried ripe seeds of the Cuminum cyminum plant and is
commonly used in Indian cuisine.**
82. What is the primary compound responsible for the pungency in chili peppers?
– A) Capsaicin
– B) Piperine
– C) Gingerol
– D) Curcumin
– **Answer: A) Capsaicin**
– **Explanation: Capsaicin is the primary compound responsible for the pungency in chili
peppers.**
83. Which herb, commonly used in Mediterranean cuisine, is known for its aromatic leaves and is
often used fresh or dried?
– A) Sage
– B) Parsley
– C) Rosemary
– D) Dill
– **Answer: C) Rosemary**
– **Explanation: Rosemary is commonly used in Mediterranean cuisine for its aromatic leaves,
which can be used fresh or dried.**
84. Which spice, often used in pickling and curry preparations, is derived from the dried unripe
berries of a flowering vine?
– A) Mustard
– B) Coriander
– C) Fenugreek
– D) Allspice
– **Answer: D) Allspice**
– **Explanation: Allspice is derived from the dried unripe berries of the Pimenta dioica plant and is
commonly used in pickling and curry preparations.**
85. What is the main active compound in black pepper responsible for its pungent flavor?
– A) Capsaicin
– B) Piperine
– C) Curcumin
– D) Cinnamaldehyde
– **Answer: B) Piperine**
– **Explanation: Piperine is the main active compound in black pepper responsible for its pungent flavor.**
Certainly! Here are five additional multiple-choice questions:
86. Which spice, often used in baking and desserts, is derived from the inner bark of a tree native to
Sri Lanka?
– A) Clove
– B) Nutmeg
– C) Cinnamon
– D) Cardamom
– **Answer: C) Cinnamon**
– **Explanation: Cinnamon is derived from the inner bark of the Cinnamomum verum tree, native
to Sri Lanka, and is commonly used in baking and desserts.**
87. Which herb, commonly used in Thai cuisine, has a citrusy flavor and aroma?
– A) Lemongrass
– B) Basil
– C) Cilantro
– D) Mint
– **Answer: A) Lemongrass**
– **Explanation: Lemongrass is commonly used in Thai cuisine and has a citrusy flavor and
aroma.**
88. What is the main active compound responsible for the distinctive flavor of licorice?
– A) Curcumin
– B) Capsaicin
– C) Glycyrrhizin
– D) Eugenol
– **Answer: C) Glycyrrhizin**
– **Explanation: Glycyrrhizin is the main active compound responsible for the distinctive flavor of
licorice.**
89. Which spice, commonly used in Middle Eastern cuisine, is derived from the dried stigma of a flower and is known for its deep red color?
– A) Saffron
– B) Sumac
– C) Turmeric
– D) Paprika
– **Answer: A) Saffron**
– **Explanation: Saffron is derived from the dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower and is
commonly used in Middle Eastern cuisine for its deep red color and unique flavor.**
90. What is the primary compound responsible for the spicy taste of ginger?
– A) Capsaicin
– B) Gingerol
– C) Curcumin
– D) Cinnamaldehyde
– **Answer: B) Gingerol**
– **Explanation: Gingerol is the primary compound responsible for the spicy taste of ginger.**
Here are 10 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations:
91. Which plant is commonly used in traditional Indian medicine for its cooling properties and is also
considered sacred?
– A) Arachis hypogaea
– B) Cedrela toona
– C) Ficus religiosa
– D) Lawsonia alba
– **Answer: C) Ficus religiosa**
– **Explanation: Ficus religiosa, commonly known as the peepal tree, is considered sacred in Indian
culture and is used in traditional medicine for its cooling properties.**
92. Which crop introduced by the Portuguese is commonly used in Indian cuisine as a substitute for
rice?
– A) Amaranthus caudatus
– B) Arachis hypogaea
– C) Ipomoea batatas
– D) Solanum tuberosum
– **Answer: A) Amaranthus caudatus**
– **Explanation: Amaranthus caudatus, also known as amaranth, was introduced by the
Portuguese and is commonly used in Indian cuisine as a substitute for rice.**
93. Which oilseed crop introduced by the Portuguese is commonly known as groundnut?
– A) Arachis hypogaea
– B) Anacardium occidentale
– C) Psidium guajava
– D) Nicotiana tabacum
– **Answer: A) Arachis hypogaea**
– **Explanation: Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as groundnut or peanut, was introduced by
the Portuguese and is cultivated for its edible seeds.**
94. Which vegetable introduced by the Portuguese is commonly used in Indian sweets and desserts?
– A) Cucurbita moschata
– B) Ipomoea batatas
– C) Solanum tuberosum
– D) Psidium guajava
– **Answer: B) Ipomoea batatas**
– **Explanation: Ipomoea batatas, commonly known as sweet potato, was introduced by the
Portuguese and is commonly used in Indian sweets and desserts.**
95. Which fruit introduced by the Portuguese is commonly used in Indian cuisine for making
chutneys and jams?
– A) Anacardium occidentale
– B) Anona squamosa
– C) Psidium guajava
– D) Nicotiana tabacum
– **Answer: C) Psidium guajava**
– **Explanation: Psidium guajava, commonly known as guava, was introduced by the Portuguese
and is commonly used in Indian cuisine for making chutneys and jams.**
96. Which plant, introduced by the Portuguese, is cultivated for its seeds which are used as a narcotic
substance?
– A) Capsicum annuum
– B) Nicotiana tabacum
– C) Saccharum officinarum
– D) Sida rhombifolia
– **Answer: B) Nicotiana tabacum**
– **Explanation: Nicotiana tabacum, commonly known as tobacco, was introduced by the
Portuguese and is cultivated for its leaves which are used to produce tobacco products.**
97. Which spice introduced by the Portuguese is commonly used in Indian cuisine to add heat and flavor to dishes?
– A) Capsicum annuum
– B) Arachis hypogaea
– C) Cedrela toona
– D) Rubia cordifolia
– **Answer: A) Capsicum annuum**
– **Explanation: Capsicum annuum, commonly known as chilli, was introduced by the Portuguese and is commonly used in Indian cuisine to add heat and flavor to dishes.**
98. Which plant, introduced by the Portuguese, is cultivated for its seeds which are used as a natural
cleaning agent?
– A) Sapindus trifoliatus
– B) Camellia sinensis var. assamica
– C) Sinocalamus giganteus
– D) Bauhinia purpurea
– **Answer: A) Sapindus trifoliatus**
– **Explanation: Sapindus trifoliatus, commonly known as the soap nut tree, was introduced by the
Portuguese and its seeds are used as a natural cleaning agent.**
99. Which tree introduced by the Portuguese is commonly used in India for its wood, which is
reddish in color?
– A) Cordia myxa
– B) Bauhinia purpurea
– C) Cedrela toona
– D) Camellia sinensis var. assamica
– **Answer: C) Cedrela toona**
– **Explanation: Cedrela toona, commonly known as red cedar, was introduced by the Portuguese
and is commonly used in India for its reddish-colored wood.**
100. Which plant introduced by the Portuguese is commonly used in India for making herbal dye?
– A) Bauhinia purpurea
– B) Rubia cordifolia
– C) Garcinia sylvestris
– D) Tamarindus indica
– **Answer: B) Rubia cordifolia**
– **Explanation: Rubia cordifolia, commonly known as Indian madder, was introduced by the
Portuguese and is commonly used in India for making herbal dye.**
Here are 10 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations:
101. Which crop introduced by the British is commonly used for its seeds in making oatmeal and
breakfast cereals?
– A) Allium tuberosum
– B) Avena sativa
– C) Pisum sativum
– D) Gossypium barbadense
– **Answer: B) Avena sativa**
– **Explanation: Avena sativa, commonly known as oats, was introduced by the British and is
commonly used for its seeds in making oatmeal and breakfast cereals.**
102. Which grain legume introduced by the British is commonly used in cooking and can be
consumed fresh or dried?
– A) Castanospermum australe
– B) Pisum sativum
– C) Gossypium barbadense
– D) Lactuca sativa
– **Answer: B) Pisum sativum**
– **Explanation: Pisum sativum, commonly known as peas, was introduced by the British and is
commonly used in cooking. Peas can be consumed fresh or dried.**
103. Which fiber crop introduced by the British is cultivated for its fibers, which are used in textile
production?
– A) Allium tuberosum
– B) Asparagus racemosus
– C) Gossypium barbadense
– D) Cucurbita maxima
– **Answer: C) Gossypium barbadense**
– **Explanation: Gossypium barbadense, commonly known as cotton, was introduced by the
British and is cultivated for its fibers, which are used in textile production.**
104. Which vegetable introduced by the British is commonly used in Asian cuisine and has a mild
onion-like flavor?
– A) Allium tuberosum
– B) Asparagus racemosus
– C) Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
– D) Capsicum frutescens
– **Answer: A) Allium tuberosum**
– **Explanation: Allium tuberosum, commonly known as leek, was introduced by the British and is
commonly used in Asian cuisine for its mild onion-like flavor.**
105. Which fruit introduced by the British is commonly consumed fresh and is known for its
distinctive star shape when sliced?
– A) Averrhoa bilimbi
– B) Averrhoa carambola
– C) Carica papaya
– D) Eugenia jambos
– **Answer: B) Averrhoa carambola**
– **Explanation: Averrhoa carambola, commonly known as carambola or star fruit, was introduced
by the British and is commonly consumed fresh. It is known for its distinctive star shape when
sliced.**
106. Which medicinal plant introduced by the British is known for its bark, which is a source of
quinine used to treat malaria?
– A) Cinchona officinalis
– B) Origanum vulgare
– C) Pelargonium capaitatium
– D) Salvia officinalis
– **Answer: A) Cinchona officinalis**
– **Explanation: Cinchona officinalis, commonly known as quinine, was introduced by the British
and is known for its bark, which is a source of quinine used to treat malaria.**
107. Which aromatic plant introduced by the British is commonly used as a flavoring agent in cooking
and baking?
– A) Papaver somniferum
– B) Pelargonium capaitatium
– C) Thymus vulgaris
– D) Vanilla aromatica
– **Answer: C) Thymus vulgaris**
– **Explanation: Thymus vulgaris, commonly known as thyme, was introduced by the British and is
commonly used as a flavoring agent in cooking and baking.**
108. Which vegetable introduced by the British is commonly used in salads and sandwiches for its
crisp texture and mild flavor?
– A) Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
– B) Cucurbita maxima
– C) Daucas carota
– D) Lactuca sativa
– **Answer: D) Lactuca sativa**
– **Explanation: Lactuca sativa, commonly known as lettuce, was introduced by the British and is
commonly used in salads and sandwiches for its crisp texture and mild flavor.**
109. Which fruit introduced by the British is commonly used in Indian cuisine for making chutneys
and desserts?
– A) Carica papaya
– B) Fragaria ananassa
– C) Garcinia mangostana
– D) Helianthus tuberosus
– **Answer: A) Carica papaya**
– **Explanation: Carica papaya, commonly known as papaya, was introduced by the British and is
commonly used in Indian cuisine for making chutneys and desserts.**
110. Which vegetable introduced by the British is commonly used in Indian cuisine for its aromatic
seeds and leaves?
– A) Allium tuberosum
– B) Asparagus racemosus
– C) Capsicum frutescens
– D) Coriandrum sativum
– **Answer: D) Coriandrum sativum**
– **Explanation: Coriandrum sativum, commonly known as coriander or cilantro, was introduced
by the British and is commonly used in Indian cuisine for its aromatic seeds and leaves. It adds flavor
and aroma to various dishes.**
111. Which crop introduced from West and Central Asia by Mughals or Arabs is commonly used as af lavoring agent and medicinal herb?
– A) Allium cepa (onion)
– B) Allium sativum (garlic)
– C) Coriandrum sativum (coriander)
– D) Syzygium aromaticum (clove)
– **Answer: D) Syzygium aromaticum (clove)**
– **Explanation: Clove was introduced from West and Central Asia by Mughals or Arabs. It is
commonly used as a flavoring agent and medicinal herb.**
112. Which crop introduced by Spaniards is commonly consumed as a vegetable and a staple food in
various cuisines?
– A) Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean)
– B) Allium cepa (onion)
– C) Daucas carota (carrot)
– D) Brassica rapa (turnip)
– **Answer: A) Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean)**
– **Explanation: Phaseolus vulgaris, commonly known as French bean or kidney bean, was
introduced by Spaniards. It is commonly consumed as a vegetable and a staple food in various
cuisines.**
113. Which crop introduced from China is commonly used in making cooking oil and biodiesel?
– A) Aleurites fordii (tung-oil)
– B) Glycine max (soyabean)
– C) Juglans regia (walnut)
– D) Litchi chinensis (litchi)
– **Answer: B) Glycine max (soyabean)**
– **Explanation: Glycine max, commonly known as soybean, was introduced from China. It is
commonly used in making cooking oil and biodiesel.**
114. Which crop introduced from Latin America is the primary source of natural rubber?
– A) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber)
– B) Ananas comosus (pineapple)
– C) Citrus decumanus (pomelo)
– D) Durio zibethinus (durian)
– **Answer: A) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber)** – **Explanation: Hevea brasiliensis, commonly known as rubber tree, was introduced from Latin
America. It is the primary source of natural rubber.**
115. Which crop introduced from Southeast Asia and Pacific islands is commonly used as a substitute
for rice flour and tapioca?
– A) Arenga pinnata (sugar-palm)
– B) Artocarpus communis (breadfruit)
– C) Durio zibethinus (durian)
– D) Metroxylon sagus (sago)
– **Answer: D) Metroxylon sagus (sago)**
– **Explanation: Metroxylon sagus, commonly known as sago palm, was introduced from
Southeast Asia and Pacific islands. It is commonly used as a substitute for rice flour and tapioca.**
116. Which crop introduced from West and Central Asia by Mughals or Arabs is commonly used as a
spice and in pickling?
– A) Allium cepa (onion)
– B) Brassica rapa (turnip)
– C) Coriandrum sativum (coriander)
– D) Syzygium aromaticum (clove)
– **Answer: C) Coriandrum sativum (coriander)**
– **Explanation: Coriandrum sativum, commonly known as coriander, was introduced from West
and Central Asia by Mughals or Arabs. It is commonly used as a spice and in pickling.**
117. Which crop introduced by Spaniards is commonly used as a sweetening agent and in
confectionery?
– A) Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean)
– B) Allium cepa (onion)
– C) Daucas carota (carrot)
– D) Ananas comosus (pineapple)
– **Answer: D) Ananas comosus (pineapple)**
– **Explanation: Ananas comosus, commonly known as pineapple, was introduced by Spaniards. It
is commonly used as a sweetening agent and in confectionery.**
118. Which crop introduced from China is commonly consumed fresh as a fruit?
– A) Aleurites fordii (tung-oil)
– B) Glycine max (soyabean)
– C) Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)
– D) Juglans regia (walnut)
– **Answer: C) Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)**
– **Explanation: Eriobotrya japonica, commonly known as loquat, was introduced from China. It is
commonly consumed fresh as a fruit.**
119. Which crop introduced from Latin America is known for its thorny exterior and sweet, creamy flesh?
– A) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber)
– B) Ananas comosus (pineapple)
– C) Durio zibethinus (durian)
– D) Arenga pinnata (sugar-palm)
– **Answer: C) Durio zibethinus (durian)**
– **Explanation: Durio zibethinus, commonly known as durian, was introduced from Latin America.
It is known for its thorny exterior and sweet, creamy flesh.**
120. Which crop introduced from Southeast Asia and Pacific islands is commonly used in
winemaking?
– A) Arenga pinnata (sugar-palm)
– B) Artocarpus communis (breadfruit)
– C) Citrus paradisi (grapefruit)
– D) Vitis vinifera (grape)
– **Answer: D) Vitis vinifera (grape)**
– **Explanation: Vitis vinifera, commonly known as grape, was introduced from Southeast Asia and
Pacific islands. It is commonly used in winemaking.