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    • MCQ on Crops – indigenous and introduced – history of rice, sugarcane and cotton

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged ,

    MCQ on Crops – indigenous and introduced – history of rice, sugarcane, and cotton for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. Which crop contributes the highest percentage to the utilization of cereals for food, feed, and industrial purposes according to the given passage? – A) Wheat – B) Rice – C) Maize – D) Coarse grains – **Answer: D) Coarse grains** – **Explanation: The passage states that coarse grains contribute 53.7% to the utilization of cereals for food, feed, and industrial purposes.** 2. What has been the long-term trend in cereal economics over the past fifty years as mentioned in the passage? – A) Decrease in wheat production – B) Increase in rice consumption – C) Shift towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize – D) Replacement of rice with coarse grains – **Answer: C) Shift towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize** – **Explanation: The passage states that there has been a long-term trend towards wheat and rice, and to some extent maize in cereal economics over the past fifty years.** 3. Which regions have achieved higher growth in production and consumption of cereals according to the passage? – A) Developed countries – B) European countries – C) Developing countries – D) African countries – **Answer: C) Developing countries** – **Explanation: Developing countries have achieved higher growth in production and consumption of cereals, as stated in the passage.** 4. What is one of the reasons for the projected increase in world demand for cereals mentioned in the passage? – A) Decrease in population – B) Decrease in income levels – C) Increase in taste preferences – D) Decrease in food trade – **Answer: C) Increase in taste preferences** – **Explanation: The passage states that one of the reasons for the projected increase in world demand for cereals is the change in taste and income of people.** 5. According to the passage, what is the projected annual increase in world demand for cereals in the next 25 years? – A) 1-2% – B) 2-3% – C) 3-4% – D) 4-5% – **Answer: B) 2-3%** – **Explanation: The passage states that the projected annual increase in world demand for cereals in the next 25 years is 2-3%.** 6. What is the primary role of cereals in the food security system of several nations according to the passage? – A) Providing medicinal benefits – B) Sustaining life – C) Enhancing industrial production – D) Promoting environmental sustainability – **Answer: B) Sustaining life** – **Explanation: The passage mentions that cereals, including wheat, rice, and maize, are considered life-sustaining crops for humans.** 7. Which of the following statements regarding the utilization of cereals is true according to the passage? – A) Rice contributes the highest percentage to utilization. – B) Coarse grains are primarily used for industrial purposes. – C) Wheat contributes the lowest percentage to utilization. – D) Maize is the only cereal with increasing utilization. – **Answer: A) Rice contributes the highest percentage to utilization.** – **Explanation: According to the passage, rice contributes 20.8% to the utilization of cereals.** 8. What has been the trend in the utilization of coarse grains over the past fifty years? – A) Decrease in utilization – B) Increase in utilization – C) Stable utilization – D) Shift towards industrial utilization – **Answer: A) Decrease in utilization** – **Explanation: The passage mentions a long-term trend towards wheat and rice, with a decrease in the utilization of coarse grains.** 9. Which sector has shown rapid expansion in the utilization of cereals in developing countries? – A) Industrial sector – B) Agricultural sector – C) Health sector – D) Livestock sector – **Answer: D) Livestock sector** – **Explanation: The passage states that there has been a rapid expansion of cereals as feed in developing countries.** 10. What challenge does the passage highlight in maintaining adequate food supply for larger sections of the population? – A) Decrease in world demand for cereals – B) Increase in agricultural productivity – C) Rise in deficits in developing countries – D) Decrease in population growth – **Answer: C) Rise in deficits in developing countries** – **Explanation: The passage mentions that developing countries have recorded a rise in deficits, indicating a challenge in maintaining adequate food supply for larger sections of the population.** 11. During which cultural stage or time did the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occur? – A) Paleolithic – B) Neolithic (10000 years ago) – C) Medieval rotation (500-1450 AD) – D) Late 1700s – **Answer: B) Neolithic (10000 years ago)** – **Explanation: The shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred during the Neolithic period, around 10,000 years ago.** 12. Which agricultural system is associated with the lowest cereal yield per hectare? – A) Shifting agriculture – B) Medieval rotation – C) Livestock farming – D) Improved farming – **Answer: A) Shifting agriculture** – **Explanation: Shifting agriculture is associated with a cereal yield of 1 ton per hectare, which is the lowest among the options provided.** 13. During which period did livestock farming become prominent? – A) Paleolithic – B) Neolithic (10000 years ago) – C) Medieval rotation (500-1450 AD) – D) Late 1700s – **Answer: D) Late 1700s** – **Explanation: Livestock farming became prominent in the late 1700s according to the provided information.** 14. Which agricultural system is associated with the highest world population? – A) Shifting agriculture – B) Medieval rotation – C) Livestock farming – D) Improved farming – **Answer: D) Improved farming** – **Explanation: Improved farming, associated with the 20th century, is linked to the highest world population of 4200 million.** 15. What concept of agriculture development has been introduced by the Bruntland Commission? – A) Sustainable agriculture development – B) Industrial agriculture development – C) Traditional agriculture development – D) Modern agriculture development – **Answer: A) Sustainable agriculture development** – **Explanation: The Bruntland Commission introduced the concept of sustainable agriculture development.** 16. According to the concept of

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    MCQ on Plant Protection in Ancient Period

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , ,

    MCQ on Plant Protection in Ancient Period for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What were some of the methods used for plant protection in ancient India? a) Chemical pesticides b) Prayers and mantras c) Biological control d) Crop rotation – **Answer:** b) Prayers and mantras – **Explanation:** The text mentions that in ancient India, the only methods known for protecting crops were prayers and mantras. 2. What were some of the pests mentioned in Sanskrit affecting crops? a) Aphids and caterpillars b) Gandhi, Shankhi, Pandarmundi c) Ladybugs and grasshoppers d) Beetles and flies – **Answer:** b) Gandhi, Shankhi, Pandarmundi – **Explanation:** The text lists pests such as gandhi, Shankhi, and Pandarmundi affecting crops. 3. What is “gandhi” believed to represent among the listed pests? a) Offensive odor b) Leaf-chewing insect c) Soil-borne fungus d) Grain-eating bird – **Answer:** a) Offensive odor – **Explanation:** The text suggests that “gandhi” corresponds to the offensive odor, possibly referring to the gandhi bug. 4. What could “shankhi” likely be according to the text? a) Beetle b) Snail c) Caterpillar d) Grasshopper – **Answer:** b) Snail – **Explanation:** The text indicates that “shankhi” must be a snail. 5. What does “pandarmundi” signify in the context of crop damage? a) Yellowing leaves b) White head symptom c) Black spots on stems d) Wilting of plants – **Answer:** b) White head symptom – **Explanation:** The text suggests that “pandarmundi” means white head, which is a typical symptom of the attack of rice stem borer. 6. What is the possible meaning of “dhuli” in relation to plant diseases? a) Powdery mildew b) Rust disease c) Leaf spot d) Root rot – **Answer:** a) Powdery mildew – **Explanation:** The text indicates that “dhuli” means powder, which could refer to powdery mildew of wheat and barley. 7. According to ancient Indian beliefs, what were considered the causes of internal plant diseases? a) Insects and birds b) Fungi and bacteria c) Vata, pitta, and kafa d) Weather conditions – **Answer:** c) Vata, pitta, and kafa – **Explanation:** The text mentions that ancient Indians considered internal diseases of plants to be caused by “vata”, “pitta”, and “kafa”. 8. How were plant diseases categorized based on their causes? a) External and internal b) Biotic and abiotic c) Fungal and bacterial d) Viral and parasitic – **Answer:** a) External and internal – **Explanation:** The text states that ancient Indians categorized plant diseases into two categories: internal and external. 9. Which animals were mentioned as destroyers of crops in ancient India? a) Lions and tigers 116 b) Goats, rats, wild boars c) Elephants and bears d) Wolves and foxes – **Answer:** b) Goats, rats, wild boars – **Explanation:** The text lists goats, rats, and wild boars among the animals mentioned as destroyers of crops. 10. What is suggested as the trigger for developing plant protection technology in ancient India? a) Increased rainfall b) Economic injury level c) Crop rotation practices d) Introduction of chemical pesticides – **Answer:** b) Economic injury level – **Explanation:** The text implies that when the damage to crops due to different pests reached the economic injury level, people might have started thinking about plant protection and developing protection technology. 11. According to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda, what kind of diseases are bacteria, viruses, and nematodes categorized as? a) External diseases b) Internal diseases c) Fungal diseases d) Abiotic diseases – **Answer:** b) Internal diseases – **Explanation:** Bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are mentioned in the context of internal Disorders were observed in trees in Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda. 12. What are the symptoms attributed to the presence of Vata in trees according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Leaf yellowing and premature drop b) Trunk slender and crooked, knots on trunk or leaves c) Decay of flowers and fruits d) Generally yellowing of leaves and fruits – **Answer:** b) Trunk slender and crooked, knots on trunk or leaves – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda attributes symptoms such as trunk slender and crooked, knots on trunk or leaves, and generally yellowing of leaves and fruits to the presence of Vata in trees. 13. What is suggested as the cause of Vata according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Excessive watering b) Saline or alkaline soils c) Arid land with excessive supply of dry and pungent matters d) Viral diseases – **Answer:** c) Arid land with excessive supply of dry and pungent matters – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda states that Vata occurs on arid land due to excessive supply of dry and pungent matters. 14. Which of the following is listed as a possible cause for symptoms attributed to Pitta according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Root-infecting fungi b) Leaf-galling insects c) Salinity in irrigation water d) Underground mechanical barrier – **Answer:** c) Salinity in irrigation water – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda mentions salinity in irrigation water as a possible cause for symptoms attributed to Pitta. 15. When do symptoms attributed to Pitta usually occur according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Early spring b) Midsummer c) End of summer d) Autumn – **Answer:** c) End of summer – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda mentions that symptoms attributed to Pitta occur at the end of summer if trees are excessively watered with bitter, sour, salty, and strong materials. 16. What is suggested as a possible cause for fruit decays according to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda? a) Leaf-galling insects b) Root-infecting fungi c) Salinity in irrigation water d) Viral diseases – **Answer:** d) Viral diseases – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda suggests that fruit decays could be due to viral diseases. 17. According to Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda, what kind of diseases are insects categorized as? a) External diseases b) Internal diseases c) Fungal diseases d) Biotic diseases – **Answer:** a) External diseases – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda categorizes insects as external diseases affecting trees. 18. What external factor is listed as a possible cause for symptoms attributed to Vata? a) Frost b) Waterlogging c) Drought d) Excessive watering – **Answer:** c) Drought – **Explanation:** Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda mentions drought as an external factor causing symptoms attributed

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    MCQ On Water Harvesting And Irrigation Developments during different periods

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , ,

    MCQ On Water Harvesting And Irrigation Developments during different periods – water storage –distribution and relevance to modern agriculture. for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What were some of the irrigation principles adopted in the ancient period? – A) Construction of large mud embankments on a stone foundation – B) Building of small tanks – C) Imposition of penalties for letting water out other than through sluice gates – D) All of the above – **Correct Answer: D** – **Explanation:** The passage outlines various irrigation principles adopted in the ancient period, including construction of large mud embankments, building small tanks, and imposition of penalties for improper water management. 2. Where were extensive tank irrigation systems adopted in ancient times? – A) Sri Lanka and South India – B) Mesopotamia – C) Egypt – D) China – **Correct Answer: A** – **Explanation:** Extensive tank irrigation systems were adopted in Sri Lanka and later in South India, as described in the passage. 3. What was a special feature of tank construction in the Telengana region? – A) Construction of large concrete dams – B) Tank construction in series by bunding the same valley at several points – C) Use of underground pipelines for water distribution – D) Importation of water from neighboring regions – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that a special feature of tanks in the Telengana region was construction in series by bunding the same valley at several points. 4. What did ancient kings in Sri Lanka emphasize regarding rainfall? – A) Rainfall should be prevented from reaching the sea. – B) Rainfall should only benefit the royal court. – C) Rainfall should be used for religious ceremonies. – D) Rainfall should benefit agriculture and not go to waste. – **Correct Answer: D** – **Explanation:** Ancient kings in Sri Lanka practiced the principle that not even a drop of rainfall should go to sea without benefiting humans, particularly agriculture, as stated in the passage. 5. How was the maintenance of tanks managed in ancient times? – A) By appointed royal engineers – B) By a committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ – C) Through private contractors – D) By foreign consultants – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that for the maintenance of tanks, a committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ was appointed. 6. What was the preferred order of water use according to the passage? – A) Flowers, vegetables, food crops – B) Food crops, flowers, vegetables – C) Vegetables, food crops, flowers – D) Flowers, food crops, vegetables – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage suggests that the preference for water use should be in the order of food crops, vegetables, and flowers. 7. What penalty was imposed for improper water management in ancient times? – A) Exile – B) Execution – C) Fines – D) Imprisonment – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage indicates that severe penalties were imposed when water was let out other than through sluice gates, which implies fines or similar punishments. 8. Which region is described as ideally suited for tank construction? – A) Sahara Desert – B) Amazon Rainforest – C) Telengana region of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka – D) Rocky Mountains – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage states that the topography of the Telengana region of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka is ideally suited for the construction of tanks. 9. What was the purpose of constructing large mud embankments on a stone foundation in the ancient period? – A) To prevent flooding – B) To divert flood water from the river – C) To create fishing ponds – D) To build roads – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that one of the irrigation principles adopted in the ancient period was the construction of large mud embankments on a stone foundation for diverting flood water from the river. 10. What did the committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ ensure? – A) Construction of new tanks – B) Distribution of seeds – C) Repairs and de-silting of tanks – D) Organization of agricultural fairs – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage states that the committee of villages called `eri- variyam’ was appointed for the maintenance of tanks, ensuring repairs and de-silting. 11. What method was commonly used to draw water from wells for irrigation in ancient times? – A) Persian wells – B) Hand pumps – C) Bullocks pulling leather bags with ropes – D) Windmills – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** The passage mentions that in ancient times, bullocks were used to draw water from wells for irrigation by pulling leather bags with ropes. 12. During which period did the practice of irrigation to crops evolve? – A) Ancient Period – B) Chalcolithic Period – C) Vedic Period – D) Medieval Period – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage indicates that the practice of irrigation to crops evolved during the Chalcolithic Period (3000 – 1700 BC). 13. What irrigation method was practiced during the Vedic period? – A) Canals from rivers to fields – B) Pumping water from wells using machinery – C) Rainfed agriculture – D) Desalination plants – **Correct Answer: A** – **Explanation:** During the Vedic period (1500 – 1600 BC), people employed craftsmen to dig channels from rivers to their fields for irrigation, as mentioned in the passage. 14. When did the irrigation of rice cultivation begin in India? – A) Medieval Period – B) Pandyas / Cholas / Cheras Period – C) Vedic Period – D) Ancient Period – **Correct Answer: B** – **Explanation:** The passage states that irrigated rice cultivation started during the Pandyas / Cholas / Cheras Period (1st Century 300 AD) in India. 15. What irrigation infrastructure was developed during the Mogul period? – A) Windmills – B) Hand-drawn wells – C) Canals, dams, and tanks – D) Underground pipelines – **Correct Answer: C** – **Explanation:** During the Medieval

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    MCQ On Ancient Soil Classification And Maintenance

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , , , , , ,

    Ancient Soil Classification And Maintenance MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What are the three primary geographical classifications of soil in ancient times according to Surapala? a. Arid, marshy, ordinary b. Fertile, barren, desert c. Black, white, pale d. Sweet, sour, salty **Answer: a. Arid, marshy, ordinary** Explanation: Surapala classified soils into jangala (arid), anupa (marshy), and samanya (ordinary) based on their geographical distribution. 2. How many soil classifications were identified in the Rig-veda based on soil fertility, irrigation, and physical characteristics? a. 6 b. 10 c. 12 d. 15 **Answer: c. 12** Explanation: The Rig-veda identified 12 soil classifications based on various factors including fertility, irrigation, and physical characteristics. 3. Which of the following is not one of the soil classifications mentioned in the text? a. Maru (desert) b. Nadimatruka (land water from river) c. Kaveri (rainfed) d. Shadvala (grassy) **Answer: c. Kaveri (rainfed)** Explanation: The text mentions 12 soil classifications, and “Kaveri” is not one of them. 4. What did Kautilya recommend as manure for soil fertility? a. Cow dung only b. Animal bones and fishes c. Milk only d. All of the above **Answer: d. All of the above** Explanation: Kautilya mentioned the use of cow dung, animal bones, fishes, and milk as manure. 5. How long does it take for composting according to Kirishi-parashara? a. One week b. Two weeks c. Three weeks d. Four weeks **Answer: b. Two weeks** Explanation: According to Kirishi-parashara, the duration for composting is two weeks. 6. What is the traditional method of preparing liquid manure (Kunapa) according to Surapala? a. Boiling a mixture of animal excreta and water b. Boiling animal excreta, bone marrow, flesh, and dead fish in water c. Mixing animal excreta with honey d. Adding ghee to animal excreta **Answer: b. Boiling animal excreta, bone marrow, flesh, and dead fish in water** Explanation: Surapala describes the preparation of liquid manure (Kunapa) by boiling a mixture of animal excreta, bone marrow, flesh, and dead fish in water. 7. Which plant is used as green manure in Rajasthan to bring up moisture and nutrients from underground? a. Calotropis gigantiea b. Prosopis cineraria c. Mortinda tinctoria d. Theprosia purpurea **Answer: b. Prosopis cineraria** Explanation: Prosopis cineraria is used as green manure in Rajasthan to bring up moisture and nutrients from underground. 8. What ancient farming practice is now recommended under organic farming concepts? a. Crop rotation b. Monoculture c. Chemical fertilization d. Deforestation **Answer: a. Crop rotation** Explanation: Crop rotation, along with other practices like intercropping and green manuring, adopted in ancient times, are now recommended under organic farming concepts. 9. Which of the following was not a classification of soil in Sangam Tamil literature? a. Mullai (forest) b. Kuringi (hills) c. Marudham (cultivable) d. Neithal (coastal) **Answer: c. Marudham (cultivable)** Explanation: Marudham was a classification of soil in Sangam Tamil literature. 10. What did ancient farmers mostly rely on for enriching soil fertility? a. Chemical fertilizers b. Synthetic pesticides c. Crop residues, manures, legumes, and neem d. Genetically modified organisms **Answer: c. Crop residues, manures, legumes, and neem** Explanation: Ancient farmers mostly relied on crop residues, manures, legumes, and neem for enriching soil fertility. 11. Which ancient text emphasized the importance of manure for crop yield? a. Rig-veda b. Kautilya’s Arthashastra c. Kirishi-parashara d. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda **Answer: c. Kirishi-parashara** Explanation: Kirishi-parashara stressed the importance of manure for crop yield. 12. What is the duration for composting according to Kautilya’s recommendations? a. One week b. Two weeks c. Three weeks d. Four weeks **Answer: b. Two weeks** Explanation: Kautilya recommended a duration of two weeks for composting. 13. Which of the following was not mentioned as an ingredient in the preparation of liquid manure (Kunapa) according to Surapala? a. Animal excreta b. Bone marrow c. Milk d. Ghee **Answer: c. Milk** Explanation: Surapala’s description of liquid manure preparation does not include milk as an ingredient. 14. What traditional weed is used as green manure in North India? a. Kochia indica b. Calotropis gigantiea c. Mortinda tinctoria d. Prosopis cineraria **Answer: a. Kochia indica** Explanation: Kochia indica is used as green manure in North India. 15. According to Sangam Tamil literature, which soil classification refers to hills? a. Mullai b. Kuringi c. Marudham d. Neithal **Answer: b. Kuringi** Explanation: Kuringi refers to hills according to Sangam Tamil literature. 16. Which ancient farming practice involves planting different crops in alternating seasons to replenish soil nutrients? a. Monoculture b. Crop rotation c. Intensive farming d. Agroforestry **Answer: b. Crop rotation** Explanation: Crop rotation involves planting different crops in alternating seasons to replenish soil nutrients. 17. What is the purpose of using green manures in agriculture? a. To control pests and diseases b. To provide shade to crops c. To improve soil fertility and structure d. To increase water retention in soil **Answer: c. To improve soil fertility and structure** Explanation: Green manures are used in agriculture to improve soil fertility and structure. 18. Which ancient text mentions the use of liquid manure (Kunapa) prepared by boiling animal parts and other ingredients? a. Rig-veda b. Kautilya’s Arthashastra c. Kirishi-parashara d. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda **Answer: d. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda** Explanation: Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda describes the preparation of liquid manure (Kunapa). 19. Which plant is used as green manure in Tamil Nadu? a. Calotropis gigantiea b. Prosopis cineraria c. Mortinda tinctoria d. Ipomoea Adathoda **Answer: d. Ipomoea Adathoda** Explanation: Ipomoea Adathoda is used as green manure in Tamil Nadu. 20. What is the main focus of traditional soil management practices? a. Maximizing crop yield at any cost b. Minimizing environmental impact c. Eliminating the need for human labor d. Utilizing chemical inputs for rapid growth **Answer: b. Minimizing environmental impact** Explanation: The main focus of traditional soil management practices is to minimize environmental impact while maintaining soil fertility. 21. According to ancient classifications, which type of soil was described as “fertile”? a. Urvara b. Ushara c. Maru d. Sharkaravari **Answer: a. Urvara** Explanation: Urvara was

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    MCQ on Astronomy

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , , , , , ,

    MCQ on Astronomy for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What is the comparison made between ancient Indian and modern methods of weather forecasting? a) Modern methods are more accurate. b) Ancient methods are more accurate. c) Both methods are equally accurate. d) There is no comparison between the two methods. – **Answer: b) Ancient methods are more accurate.** – Explanation: The text suggests that even today, village astrologers in India have a surprisingly high percentage of correct weather predictions, indicating the effectiveness of ancient Indigenous methods. 2. What is stated about the origin of modern scientific knowledge of weather forecasting? a) It originated in India. b) It originated in the West. c) It originated recently. d) It has been around since ancient times. – **Answer: c) It originated recently.** – Explanation: The text mentions that modern scientific knowledge of weather forecasting originated recently. 3. How is meteorology viewed in India compared to the West? a) It is viewed as an ancient science in India but new in the West. b) It is viewed as a new science in India but ancient in the West. c) It is viewed as ancient in both India and the West. d) It is viewed as new in both India and the West. – **Answer: a) It is viewed as an ancient science in India but new in the West.** – Explanation: Meteorology is considered ancient in India but new in the West, according to the text. 4. What are the two categories into which ancient/Indigenous methods of weather forecast are broadly classified? a) Northern and southern methods b) Observational method and theoretical methods c) Solar and lunar methods d) Eastern and western methods – **Answer: b) Observational method and theoretical methods** – Explanation: The ancient/Indigenous methods of weather forecasting are broadly classified into observational method and theoretical methods. 5. What is involved in the observational method of weather forecast? a) Computation of planetary positions b) Study of solar ingress c) Observing indicators d) Conjunctions of stars and planets – **Answer: c) Observing indicators** – Explanation: The observational method involves observing indicators for weather prediction. 6. What is involved in the theoretical methods of weather forecast? a) Observing indicators b) Computation of planetary positions c) Study of solar ingress d) Conjunctions of stars and planets – **Answer: b) Computation of planetary positions** – Explanation: The theoretical methods involve computation of planetary positions and conjunctions of stars and planets. 7. What is mentioned as not required for ancient/indigenous methods of weather forecast? a) Observational data b) Experience c) Costly apparatus d) Technological advancements – **Answer: c) Costly apparatus** – Explanation: Ancient/Indigenous methods of weather forecasting do not require costly apparatus, according to the text. 8. Who are often mentioned as being surprisingly accurate in weather predictions even today? a) Farmers b) Scientists c) Meteorologists d) Village astrologers (pandits) – **Answer: d) Village astrologers (pandits)** – Explanation: Village astrologers (pandits) are often mentioned as being surprisingly accurate in weather predictions even today. 9. What is stated about the rules of meteorology according to the text? a) They are complex and difficult to understand. b) They are simple and easy to understand. c) They are similar to modern scientific methods. d) They are based on Western principles. – **Answer: b) They are simple and easy to understand.** – Explanation: The text mentions that the rules of meteorology are simple and easy to understand. 10. What is emphasized as enhancing the development of meteorology? a) Technological advancements b) Observations coupled with experience over centuries c) Government funding d) Foreign collaboration – **Answer: b) Observations coupled with experience over centuries** – Explanation: Observations coupled with experience over centuries are emphasized as enhancing the development of meteorology. 11. What does the term “Panchang” refer to in Indian astronomy and astrology? a) Five astrological signs b) Five celestial bodies c) Five body parts/limbs d) Five planetary movements **Answer: c) Five body parts/limbs** Explanation: The term “Panchang” originates from the Sanskrit words ‘panch’ meaning ‘five’ and ‘ang’ meaning ‘body part/limb’, referring to the five elements of the calendar. 12. How many tithes are there in a lunar month? a) 28 b) 29 c) 30 d) 31 **Answer: c) 30** Explanation: There are a total of thirty tithis in a lunar month, with fifteen in each fortnight. 13. Which day of the week is known as “Ravivara”? a) Sunday b) Monday c) Tuesday d) Wednesday **Answer: a) Sunday** Explanation: “Ravivara” corresponds to Sunday in the Hindu calendar. 14. What is the significance of “Panchang” for astrologers? a) It provides weather predictions b) It guides farming activities c) It is used for casting horoscopes and making predictions d) It records astronomical phenomena **Answer: c) It is used for casting horoscopes and making predictions** Explanation: “Panchang” serves as a fundamental reference for astrologers to calculate and predict various astrological events. 15. How many “varas” (weekdays) are there in the Hindu calendar? a) Five b) Six c) Seven d) Eight **Answer: c) Seven** Explanation: The Hindu calendar consists of seven “varas” or weekdays. 16. Which of the following is NOT one of the “varas” in the Hindu calendar? a) Mangalavara b) Budhavara c) Suryavara d) Shanivara **Answer: c) Suryavara** Explanation: “Suryavara” is not one of the weekday names in the Hindu calendar. 17. How is “Panchang” used as an astrological guide for farmers? a) It provides agricultural techniques b) It suggests seasonal activities c) It predicts rainfall patterns d) It advises on favorable times for farming activities **Answer: d) It advises on favorable times for farming activities** Explanation: Farmers consult the “Panchang” for auspicious timings to commence farming activities based on astrological considerations. 18. What is the primary purpose of a classical Hindu almanac? a) To record historical events b) To predict natural disasters c) To provide calendrical information and astrological guidance d) To publish religious scriptures **Answer: c) To provide calendrical information and astrological guidance** Explanation: Classical Hindu almanacs, known as “Panchangs,” serve

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    MCQ on Agriculture in the Sangam literature of Tamil Nadu

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged

    MCQ on Agriculture in the Sangam literature of Tamil Nadu for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. Which period does the Sangam literature belong to? a) 200 AD to 500 AD b) 100 BC to 200 AD c) 200 BC to 100 AD d) 500 BC to 200 BC – **Answer: c) 200 BC to 100 AD** – Explanation: The Sangam literature belongs to the period between 200 BC to 100 AD. 2. What was the primary occupation of the population in the Tamil region during the Sangam period? a) Trading b) Agriculture c) Fishing d) Hunting – **Answer: b) Agriculture** – Explanation: The main profession of the population during the Sangam period was agriculture. 3. Which regions were included in the Tamil region during the Sangam period? a) Tamil Nadu and Kerala b) Tamil Nadu and Karnataka c) Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh d) Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh – **Answer: d) Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh** – Explanation: The Tamil region during the Sangam period included Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and parts of Andhra Pradesh. 4. Who is known as the “Tamil grandfather” for his efforts in collecting and publishing Sangam literature? a) Tholkappier b) Thiruvalluvar c) Swaminatha Iyer d) Thirumalai Nayakkar – **Answer: c) Swaminatha Iyer** – Explanation: Swaminatha Iyer, popularly known as “Tamil grandfather,” collected and published Sangam literature. 5. Which poem from the Sangam period provides descriptions of various agricultural aspects? a) Thirukural b) Tholkappiyam c) Silappadikaram d) Manimekalai – **Answer: b) Tholkappiyam** – Explanation: Tholkappiyam provides descriptions of various agricultural aspects during the Sangam period. 6. How many groups were the lands classified into according to Tholkappiyam? a) Three b) Four c) Five d) Six – **Answer: b) Four** – Explanation: Land was classified into four groups: mullai, Kurinji, marudham, and neithal. 7. Which one of the following is not a classification of land according to Tholkappiyam? a) Hills b) Coastal areas c) Rivers d) Cultivable lands – **Answer: c) Rivers** – Explanation: Tholkappiyam classified land into hills, coastal areas, and cultivable lands, but not rivers. 8. Who authored the poem Tholkappiyam? a) Thiruvalluvar b) Thirumalai Nayakkar c) Tholkappier d) Swaminatha Iyer – **Answer: c) Tholkappier** – Explanation: Tholkappier authored the poem Tholkappiyam. 9. What does Tholkappiyam give descriptions of? a) Religious practices b) Social hierarchy c) Agricultural aspects d) Political structure – **Answer: c) Agricultural aspects** – Explanation: Tholkappiyam provides descriptions of various agricultural aspects. 10. What material was used for writing manuscripts during the Sangam period? a) Paper b) Palmyra leaves c) Papyrus d) Animal skins – **Answer: b) Palmyra leaves** – Explanation: Manuscripts during the Sangam period were written on palmyra leaves. 11. Which of the following crops were ratooned according to the text? a) Rice b) Millets c) Sugarcane d) Coconut – **Answer: c) Sugarcane** – Explanation: Sugarcane was one of the crops that were ratooned, as mentioned in the text. 12. How were plants considered according to the Sangam literature? a) Inanimate objects b) Non-living entities c) Living beings with sensitivity d) Mechanical structures – **Answer: c) Living beings with sensitivity** – Explanation: Plants were considered as living beings and endowed with sensitivity in the Sangam literature. 13. Who considered agricultural development as their primary duty according to the text? a) Merchants b) Farmers c) Kings d) Priests – **Answer: c) Kings** – Explanation: Kings considered agricultural development as their primary duty, as stated in the text. 14. What was considered the yardstick of prosperity of the country according to the text? a) Population growth b) Industrial development c) Increased agricultural production d) Foreign trade – **Answer: c) Increased agricultural production**  – Explanation: Increased agricultural production was considered a yardstick of prosperity of the country. 15. Who was responsible for raising the bunds of the river Cauvery, according to the text? a) Farmers b) Slaves from a conquered country c) Priests d) Kings – **Answer: b) Slaves from a conquered country** – Explanation: The king Karikal Cholan brought 1000 slaves from a conquered country to raise the bunds of the river Cauvery. 16. What was used for ploughing according to the text? a) Oxen b) Horses c) Buffaloes d) Elephants – **Answer: c) Buffaloes** – Explanation: Buffaloes were used for ploughing, as mentioned in the text. 17. What was considered superior to shallow ploughing? a) Deep ploughing b) Surface ploughing c) Vertical ploughing d) Circular ploughing – **Answer: a) Deep ploughing** – Explanation: Deep ploughing was considered superior to shallow ploughing. 18. What was used for leveling paddy according to the text? a) Wooden plough b) Metal rake c) Parambu d) Hoe – **Answer: c) Parambu** – Explanation: A labour-saving tool called parambu was used for leveling paddy. 19. According to the text, when should irrigation be given? a) Mid-day b) Early morning or late evening c) Afternoon d) Night – **Answer: b) Early morning or late evening** – Explanation: Irrigation should be given either in the early morning or late evening, not during hot mid-day. 20. What is considered a masterpiece of engineering even today according to the text? a) Stone dam across the river Cauvery b) Wooden bridge across the river Ganges c) Irrigation canal in the Indus Valley d) Aqueduct in Rome – **Answer: a) Stone dam across the river Cauvery** – Explanation: The stone dam constructed across the river Cauvery centuries ago is considered a masterpiece of engineering even today. 21. What tools were used to lift water from wells, tanks, and rivers according to the text? a) Hoe and shovel b) Amiry, keilar, and yettam c) Plough and rake d) Scythe and sickle – **Answer: b) Amiry, keilar, and yettam** – Explanation: Tools such as amiry, keilar, and yettam were used to lift water from wells, tanks, and rivers. 22. Which tools were used for scaring birds in millet fields? a) Hoe and shovel b) Scythe and sickle c) Thattai and kavan d) Plough and rake –

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    MCQ on kautilya’s artha-sastra, agriculture, animal husbandry, commodity trade, etc.

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , , ,

    MCQ on kautilya’s artha-sastra, agriculture, animal husbandry, commodity trade, etc. for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. During Kautilya’s time, which term encompassed agriculture, cattle breeding, and trade? a) Arthashastra b) Varta c) Sitadhakashya d) Chanakya **Answer: b) Varta** **Explanation:** During Kautilya’s time, agriculture, cattle breeding, and trade were grouped into a science called Varta. 2. According to Kautilya, who should be appointed as the superintendent of agriculture? a) A civil servant b) A person with no expertise c) A knowledgeable person in agriculture and horticulture d) A person recommended by the king **Answer: c) A knowledgeable person in agriculture and horticulture** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested that the superintendent of agriculture should be a person knowledgeable in agriculture and horticulture. 3. What was the punishment for any delay in making arrangements for rainfed crop sowing, as per Kautilya’s Artha-sastra? a) Fine b) Exile c) Punitive action d) Imprisonment **Answer: c) Punitive action** **Explanation:** Kautilya emphasized the importance of timely arrangements for rainfed crop sowing and prescribed punitive action for any delay. 4. How was rainfall measured during Kautilya’s time? a) Using modern rain gauges b) Circular vessel called adhaka c) By observing natural signs d) Not measured **Answer: b) Circular vessel called adhaka** **Explanation:** Rainfall was measured during Kautilya’s time using a circular vessel called adhaka, with specific units to measure rainfall. 5. According to Kautilya, what is the significance of the even distribution of rainfall during the crop growing season? a) It reduces the need for irrigation b) It improves soil fertility c) It enhances crop yield d) It prevents soil erosion **Answer: c) It enhances crop yield** **Explanation:** Kautilya stressed the importance of even distribution of rainfall during the crop growing season as it enhances crop yield. 6. Which crop did Kautilya suggest should be sown early in the season? a) Wheat b) Barley c) Rice d) Sugarcane **Answer: c) Rice** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested that rice should be sown early in the season for optimal growth and yield. 7. According to Kautilya, which crop requires the most attention and expenditure? a) Rice b) Millets c) Pulses d) Sugarcane **Answer: d) Sugarcane** **Explanation:** Kautilya stated that sugarcane requires the most attention and expenditure among crops. 8. Where did Kautilya suggest crops like cucurbits are well suited to be grown? a) Drylands b) Desert areas c) Banks of rivers d) Mountain slopes **Answer: c) Banks of rivers** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested that crops like cucurbits are well suited to be grown on the banks of rivers due to the availability of moisture. 9. Which biocontrol practice suggested by Kautilya involves exposing seeds to mist and heat for seven nights? a) Seed treatment b) Pest control c) Disease management d) Weed control **Answer: a) Seed treatment** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested exposing seeds to mist and heat for seven nights as a biocontrol practice, which is similar to modern seed treatment methods. 10. According to Kautilya, what should be done with harvested produce? a) Left in the field b) Sold immediately c) Properly processed and safely stored d) Fed to livestock **Answer: c) Properly processed and safely stored** **Explanation:** Kautilya advised that harvested produce should be properly processed and safely stored to prevent spoilage or loss. 11. What term did Kautilya use to describe the head of agriculture in his Artha-sastra? a) Sthitiadhikari b) Sitadhakashya c) Krayadhikari d) Vartadhikari **Answer: b) Sitadhakashya** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested the appointment of a separate post for the head of agriculture, named Sitadhakashya. 12. What did Kautilya emphasize regarding the distribution of rainfall during the crop growing season? a) Majority of rainfall in the beginning of the season b) Uniform distribution throughout the season c) Majority of rainfall in the middle of the season d) Majority of rainfall at the end of the season **Answer: b) Uniform distribution throughout the season** **Explanation:** Kautilya stressed the importance of uniform distribution of rainfall throughout the crop growing season. 13. According to Kautilya’s Artha-sastra, what is the ideal condition for rainfed crop cultivation? a) High rainfall throughout the year b) Intermittent rainfall with dry spells c) Heavy rainfall during sowing season d) Moderate rainfall with even distribution **Answer: d) Moderate rainfall with even distribution** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested that rainfed crop cultivation thrives under moderate rainfall conditions with even distribution. 14. What was the role of the village council in Kautilya’s economic policies? a) Decision-making authority for agriculture b) Regulation of trade and commerce c) Allocation of land for cultivation d) Monitoring agricultural productivity **Answer: b) Regulation of trade and commerce** **Explanation:** Kautilya’s economic policies involved the village council in regulating trade and commerce. 15. How did Kautilya suggest farmers should be compensated for their produce? a) With monetary payment b) With land grants c) With goods or services d) With tax exemptions **Answer: c) With goods or services** **Explanation:** Kautilya suggested that farmers should be compensated for their produce with goods or services, as mentioned in his Artha-sastra. 16. Which biocontrol practice suggested by Kautilya involves plastering cut ends of sugarcane with a mixture? a) Companion planting b) Crop rotation c) Integrated pest management d) Application of biopesticides **Answer: d) Application of biopesticides** **Explanation:** Kautilya recommended plastering cut ends of sugarcane with a mixture containing honey, ghee, and cow dung as a biocontrol practice. 17. According to Kautilya, what was the main source of irrigation for agriculture? a) Rainwater harvesting b) River diversion c) Well water d) Canal systems **Answer: c) Well water** **Explanation:** Kautilya mentioned the use of wells for irrigation, indicating that well water was the main source of irrigation for agriculture during his time. 18. What did Kautilya prescribe regarding the handling of above-ground crop residues? a) Leave them in the field for soil enrichment b) Burn them to clear the fields c) Use them as animal fodder d) Remove them from the fields **Answer: d) Remove them from the fields** **Explanation:** Kautilya advised removing above-ground crop residues from the fields and feeding them to cattle. 19. How

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    MCQ on the Status of farmers in the society during the Indus, Vedic, Buddhist, Mauryan, Gupta, and Sangam periods

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged , , , , , ,

    MCQ on the Status of Farmers in Society during Historical Periods This comprehensive set of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) delves into the status and role of farmers in society across different historical periods, including the Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Era, Buddhist Period, Mauryan Dynasty, Gupta Empire, and Sangam Age. The questions are meticulously crafted to cover various aspects such as the agricultural practices, economic importance, societal position, and contributions of farmers during these times. Ideal for aspirants preparing for competitive exams like ICAR-JRF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, as well as B.Sc and M.Sc students, this collection aims to provide a deep understanding of the evolution of agrarian society in ancient India. Each question is designed to test and enhance your knowledge, with a focus on historical insights that are crucial for excelling in agriculture-related exams. 1. During which period did the Indus Civilization emerge as the first farming culture in South Asia? a) Vedic period b) Mauryan period c) Harappan period d) Gupta period **Answer: c) Harappan period** Explanation: The Indus Civilization emerged as the first farming culture in South Asia during the Harappan period, as described in the passage. 2. What was the primary occupation of the people during the Vedic period? a) Trading b) Hunting and gathering c) Agriculture d) Crafts and pottery **Answer: c) Agriculture** Explanation: Agriculture was the primary occupation during the Vedic period, with farmers cultivating crops based on the advice of saints, as mentioned in the passage. 3. What characterized the economic system during the Buddhist period? a) Feudalism with powerful landlords b) Agricultural self-sufficiency in villages c) Industrialization and urbanization d) Nomadic lifestyle and herding **Answer: b) Agricultural self-sufficiency in villages** Explanation: The economic system during the Buddhist period was characterized by agricultural self sufficiency in villages, with no landlords and villagers undertaking tasks collectively, as stated in the passage. 4. Which term was used for the head of a rich land-owning family during the Mauryan period? a) Gaha pathi b) Vaishnava c) Krishihala d) Vellar **Answer: a) Gaha pathi** Explanation: During the Mauryan period, the head of a rich land-owning family was called “Gaha pathi,” as mentioned in the passage. 5. What was the social status of cultivators during the Gupta period? a) High social and economic status b) Equal status with landowners c) Low social and economic status d) Nomadic lifestyle **Answer: c) Low social and economic status** Explanation: Cultivators during the Gupta period had low social and economic status, as indicated by the various terms used to describe them, such as Krishihala or Kinars, as mentioned in the passage. 6. In which period was agriculture the main occupation, leading to a high status for farmers in society? a) Vedic period b) Buddhist period c) Mauryan period d) Sangam period **Answer: d) Sangam period** Explanation: Agriculture was the main occupation during the Sangam period, leading to a high status for farmers in society, as described in the passage. 7. What term was used for farmers during the Sangam period? a) Vaishnava b) Krishihala c) Uzhavar d) Gaha pathi **Answer: c) Uzhavar** Explanation: Farmers during the Sangam period were called “Uzhavar” or “plough man,” as mentioned in the passage. 8. According to Thiruvalluvar, what is the significance of farmers in society? a) They are worshipped as gods. b) They live an independent life. c) They have no importance compared to others. d) They are dependent on others for survival. **Answer: b) They live an independent life.** Explanation: Thiruvalluvar emphasized the importance of farmers by stating that they alone live an independent life, as mentioned in the passage. 9. Which period saw the emergence of urban centers from the Early Harappan communities? a) Vedic period b) Mauryan period c) Harappan period d) Gupta period **Answer: c) Harappan period** Explanation: Urban centers emerged from the Early Harappan communities during the Harappan period, as stated in the passage. 10. What role did irrigation play in transforming the region during the Late Harappan period? a) It led to the decline of agriculture. b) It had no significant impact on the region. c) It facilitated the growth of urban centers. d) It caused environmental degradation. **Answer: c) It facilitated the growth of urban centers.** Explanation: Irrigation played a crucial role in transforming the region during the Late Harappan period by facilitating the growth of urban centers, as mentioned in the passage. 11. What was the primary occupation during the Harappan period? a) Trading b) Farming c) Fishing d) Hunting **Answer: b) Farming** Explanation: The Harappan period saw the emergence of farming communities, with agriculture being the primary occupation during this time, as mentioned in the passage. 12. During which Vedic period did farmers occupy a prominent position in society? a) Rig Vedic period b) Sama Vedic period c) Yajur Vedic period d) Atharvana Vedic period **Answer: d) Atharvana Vedic period** Explanation: Farmers occupied a more significant position in society during the Atharvana Vedic period, as mentioned in the passage. 13. What was the economic status of farmers during the Mauryan period? a) They were wealthy landowners b) They were impoverished c) They were state officials d) They were traders **Answer: b) They were impoverished** Explanation: During the Mauryan period, the majority of the population were agriculturists, but the economic status of farmers was low, as mentioned in the passage. 14. What was the primary occupation during the Sangam period? a) Trading b) Fishing c) Agriculture d) Mining **Answer: c) Agriculture** Explanation: Agriculture was the main occupation during the Sangam period, and farmers held a high position in society during this time, as stated in the passage. 15. What term was used to refer to farmers during the Sangam period? a) Vaishnavas b) Krishihala c) Uzhavar d) Gaha pathi **Answer: c) Uzhavar** Explanation: Farmers during the Sangam period were referred to as “Uzhavar” or “plough man,” as mentioned in the passage. 16. According to Thiruvalluvar, what role did farmers play in society? a) They were worshipped as deities b) They were revered as

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    MCQ On Indus Civilization (3250 BC-2750 BC)

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged

    MCQ On Indus Civilization (3250 BC-2750 BC) for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. What is another name for the Indus Valley Civilization? a) Mohenjodara culture b) Ravi civilization c) Harappan culture d) Sind civilization **Answer: c) Harappan culture** Explanation: The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan culture, as mentioned in the passage. 2. Where were the excavations conducted that led to the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization? a) Rajasthan b) Gujarat c) Punjab and Sind d) Delhi **Answer: c) Punjab and Sind** Explanation: Excavations were carried out in Punjab (at Harappa) and Sind (at Mohenjodara) in Pakistan, as mentioned in the passage. 3. What agricultural practice did the people of the Indus Valley Civilization identify as important? a) Irrigation techniques b) Crop rotation c) Ploughing d) Seed selection **Answer: c) Ploughing** Explanation: During the Indus Valley Civilization, people identified the importance of ploughing for the proper sowing of crops, as stated in the passage. 4. What method of transport was commonly used during the Indus Valley Civilization? a) Ship b) Ox-drawn wheel cart c) Horse-drawn carriage d) Camel caravan **Answer: b) Ox-drawn wheel cart** Explanation: Ox-drawn wheel carts were commonly used for transport during the Indus Valley Civilization, according to the passage. 5. What crops were cultivated by the people of the Indus Valley Civilization? a) Rice and sugarcane b) Wheat, barley, and cotton c) Maize and potatoes d) Millets and lentils **Answer: b) Wheat, barley, and cotton** Explanation: The people of the Indus Valley Civilization cultivated wheat, barley, gram, peas, sesame, and rape, as well as cotton, as mentioned in the passage. 6. What animals were domesticated by the people of the Indus Valley Civilization? a) Buffalo, camel, and elephant b) Horse, cow, and dog c) Elephant, ass, and birds d) Buffalo, cattle, and camel **Answer: d) Buffalo, cattle, and camel** Explanation: The people of the Indus Valley Civilization domesticated buffalo, cattle, camel, horse, elephant, ass, and birds, as stated in the passage. 7. What was the purpose of the Great Granary discovered in Harappa? a) Religious ceremonies b) Storage of food grain c) Residence for rulers d) Administrative center **Answer: b) Storage of food grain** Explanation: The Great Granary discovered in Harappa was used for storing food grain, as mentioned in the passage. 8. How were wages paid to artisans and laborers during the Indus Valley Civilization? a) In coins b) In kind (food grain) c) In gold and silver d) In labor vouchers **Answer: b) In kind (food grain)** Explanation: Artisans, carpenters, and others received their wages in kind from the farmers, according to the passage. 9. What can be inferred about the economic system of the Indus Valley Civilization based on the description of the Great Granary? a) It was a centrally planned economy b) It relied heavily on barter c) It had a sophisticated system of storage and distribution d) It was primarily a subsistence economy **Answer: c) It had a sophisticated system of storage and distribution** Explanation: The description of the Great Granary suggests a sophisticated system of storage and distribution, indicating an advanced economic system. 10. Which rivers were significant in the geographical location of the Indus Valley Civilization? a) Ganges and Yamuna b) Indus and Ravi c) Tigris and Euphrates d) Nile and Niger **Answer: b) Indus and Ravi** Explanation: The cities of the Indus Valley Civilization were built along the river Indus and the river Ravi, as mentioned in the passage. 11. What is the meaning of the word “Veda”? a) Land of seven rivers b) Pastoralism c) Knowledge d) Rig-veda **Answer: c) Knowledge** Explanation: The word “Veda” is derived from “Vid,” which means “Knowledge.” 12. Which book is considered the oldest among the Aryans? a) Rig-veda b) Mahabharata c) Ramayana d) Atharvaveda **Answer: a) Rig-veda** Explanation: The Rig-veda is considered the oldest book among the Aryans. 13. What was the main occupation of the Vedic Aryans? a) Agriculture b) Trading c) Pastoralism d) Hunting **Answer: c) Pastoralism** Explanation: The Vedic Aryans were primarily pastoral. 14. Which rivers were included in the “land of seven rivers”? a) Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna b) Ganga, Godavari, Kaveri c) Satlaj, Beas, Ravi, Chennab, Jhelum, Indus, Saraswathi d) Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi **Answer: c) Satlaj, Beas, Ravi, Chennab, Jhelum, Indus, Saraswathi** Explanation: The land of seven rivers included Satlaj, Beas, Ravi, Chennab, Jhelum, Indus, and Saraswathi. 15. What were the main crops cultivated during the later Vedic period? a) Rice and cotton b) Barley, sesame, and sugarcane c) Wheat and lentils d) Millet and sorghum **Answer: b) Barley, sesame, and sugarcane** Explanation: During the later Vedic period, the main crops cultivated were barley, sesame, and sugarcane. 16. Which agricultural implement is mentioned in Vedic literature? a) Tractor b) Plough c) Harvester d) Seeder **Answer: b) Plough** Explanation: The plough (langala) is mentioned as an agricultural implement in Vedic literature. 17. What ritual marked the beginning of the ploughing season in Vedic agriculture? a) Offering sacrifices b) Planting trees c) Inaugurating the first ploughing with rituals d) Praying to rain gods **Answer: c) Inaugurating the first ploughing with rituals** Explanation: In Vedic agriculture, the first ploughing of the season was inaugurated amidst much ritual. 18. What was used for irrigation in Vedic agriculture? a) Canals from rivers b) Sprinklers c) Modern irrigation pumps d) Rainwater harvesting **Answer: a) Canals from rivers** Explanation: Channels were dug from rivers for irrigation in Vedic agriculture. 19. What were kucha wells used for? a) Washing clothes b) Drinking water and irrigation c) Bathing d) Cooking **Answer: b) Drinking water and irrigation** Explanation: Kucha wells were used for drinking water and irrigation in Vedic agriculture. 20. Which crops were not mentioned in the early Vedic period but cultivated during the Harappa period? a) Wheat and barley b) Rice and cotton c) Millet and sorghum d) Sugarcane and sesame **Answer: b) Rice and cotton** Explanation: Rice and cotton were cultivated during the Harappa period but not mentioned

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    MCQ On Development Of Human Culture & Binging Agriculture

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in Introductory Agriculture MCQ, MCQ'sTagged

    MCQ On Development Of Human Culture & Binging Agriculture for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, All Agriculture Competitive Exams. 1. According to the passage, which species is considered the immediate precursor to modern humans? a) Homo sapiens b) Homo erectus c) Cro-Magnon d) Java man **Answer: b) Homo erectus** Explanation: The passage mentions that Homo erectus, also known as Java man, is considered the immediate precursor to modern humans. 2. What was the first domesticated animal mentioned in the passage? a) Cow b) Sheep c) Dog d) Goat **Answer: c) Dog** Explanation: The passage states that the first pet animal domesticated by early humans was the dog, which was initially used for hunting. 3. How did the development of agriculture influence the formation of human societies? a) It led to the extinction of primitive man. b) It enabled primitive man to settle down in selected areas and form societies. c) It had no impact on human social organization. d) It caused regression in human cultural development. **Answer: b) It enabled primitive man to settle down in selected areas and form societies.** Explanation: The passage suggests that the development of agriculture allowed primitive humans to settle down in specific areas, leading to the formation of societies and the initiation of civilization. 4. Which period is characterized by food gathering and hunting in human history? a) Neolithic Age b) Mesolithic Age c) Paleolithic Age d) Iron Age **Answer: c) Paleolithic Age** Explanation: The Paleolithic Age, also known as the Old Stone Age, is characterized by food gathering and hunting by early humans. 5. What were the main tools used by humans during the Paleolithic Age? a) Metal tools b) Stone tools and crude choppers c) Wooden tools d) Bone tools **Answer: b) Stone tools and crude choppers** Explanation: During the Paleolithic Age, early humans mainly used stone tools and crude choppers, as mentioned in the passage. 6. What do scholars classify as the stages of human cultural development, according to the passage? a) Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age b) Stone Age, Copper Age, and Bronze Age c) Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, and Mesolithic Age d) Early Age, Middle Age, and Modern Age **Answer: c) Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, and Mesolithic Age** Explanation: Scholars classify the stages of human cultural development into the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age), Neolithic Age (New Stone Age), and Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age), as mentioned in the passage. 7. What marked the beginning of agriculture according to the passage? a) The domestication of cows and goats b) The development of stone tools c) The shift from food gathering to food cultivation d) The extinction of Homo erectus **Answer: c) The shift from food gathering to food cultivation** Explanation: The passage indicates that the beginning of agriculture occurred when early humans shifted from food gathering to food cultivation, starting to grow food crops and domesticating animals. 8. What is the meaning of “Homo sapiens”? a) Homo – Continuous, Sapiens – learning habit b) Homo – Intelligent, Sapiens – gathering habit c) Homo – Ancient, Sapiens – hunter-gatherer d) Homo – Modern, Sapiens – agriculturalist **Answer: a) Homo – Continuous, Sapiens – learning habit** Explanation: “Homo sapiens” means “Continuous” (Homo) and “learning habit” (Sapiens), as mentioned in the passage. 9. Which animal was not mentioned as one of the domesticated animals during the early stages of human civilization? a) Cow b) Goat c) Sheep d) Lion **Answer: d) Lion** Explanation: Lions were not mentioned as one of the domesticated animals during the early stages of human civilization in the passage. 10. What are the distinct improvements mentioned in the passage that occurred during each of the three stone ages? a) Development of metal tools b) Domestication of animals c) Fashioning and improving tools, growing food crops, and domesticating animals d) Introduction of pottery-making techniques **Answer: c) Fashioning and improving tools, growing food crops, and domesticating animals** Explanation: The passage states that each of the three stone ages saw distinct improvements, including fashioning and improving tools, growing food crops, and domesticating animals. 11. What is a characteristic feature of the Mesolithic Age? a) Use of polished stone axes b) Invention of the plough c) Cultivation of millets and pulses d) Domestication of the dog **Answer: d) Domestication of the dog** Explanation: The major achievement of the Mesolithic Age was the domestication of the dog, as mentioned in the passage. 12. What major change did the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution bring? a) Invention of textile and basketry b) Shift from hunting and gathering to settled villages and agriculture c) Discovery of silk d) Use of polished stone axes **Answer: b) Shift from hunting and gathering to settled villages and agriculture** Explanation: The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution brought a major change by shifting humans from a precarious existence of hunting and gathering to settled villages and agriculture, giving them control over their environment. 13. What was the main purpose of using polished stone axes in the Neolithic culture? a) For hunting animals b) For storing food grains c) For cultivating crops d) For cleaning bushes **Answer: d) For cleaning bushes** Explanation: Polished stone axes were used for cleaning bushes in the Neolithic culture, as mentioned in the passage. 14. Which of the following crops were cultivated in the eastern parts of India during the Neolithic period? a) Millets and pulses b) Rice, banana, and yams c) Wheat and barley d) Maize and potatoes **Answer: b) Rice, banana, and yams** Explanation: The cultivation of rice, banana, and yams took place in the eastern parts of India during the Neolithic period, according to the passage. 15. What technological advancement marked the Chalcolithic culture? a) Invention of pottery b) Invention of the plough c) Use of stone implements along with copper and bronze d) Discovery of silk **Answer: c) Use of stone implements along with copper and bronze** Explanation: The Chalcolithic culture was characterized by the use of stone implements along with copper and bronze, as mentioned

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