Harvesting and Post-Harvest Technology for Major Agricultural Crops: MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc.
MCQs on Harvesting and Post-Harvest Technology for Major Agricultural Crops:
Question 1:
What is “harvesting” in agriculture?
A. Removal of entire plants or economic parts after maturity from the field
B. The process of sowing seeds in the field
C. The application of fertilizers and pesticides to crops
D. Rotating different crops in a multi-year cycle
Answer: A. Removal of entire plants or economic parts after maturity from the field
Explanation: Harvesting refers to the removal of the entire plant or its economic parts from the field after it has reached maturity. The harvested parts could be grains, seeds, leaves, roots, or the entire plant.
Question 2:
What is “physiological maturity” in crop harvesting?
A. The developmental stage after which no further increase in dry matter occurs in the economic part
B. The period when crops are ready to be harvested
C. The stage when crops are harvested before reaching full maturity
D. The stage when crops are ready for planting
Answer: A. The developmental stage after which no further increase in dry matter occurs in the economic part
Explanation: Physiological maturity is the stage at which crops no longer increase in dry matter, indicating they have reached optimal growth for harvesting.
Question 3:
What is “harvest maturity” in crop harvesting?
A. The period when crops are ready to be harvested, generally seven days after physiological maturity
B. The developmental stage after which no further increase in dry matter occurs
C. The stage when crops are harvested before reaching full maturity
D. The stage when crops are ready for planting
Answer: A. The period when crops are ready to be harvested, generally seven days after physiological maturity
Explanation: Harvest maturity typically occurs about seven days after physiological maturity, during which time the crops lose moisture and become ready for harvesting.
Question 4:
Which of the following is an external symptom of physiological maturity in maize?
A. A black layer in the placental region of maize kernels
B. Loss of green color from leaves
C. Green pods turning brown
D. Shedding of leaves
Answer: A. A black layer in the placental region of maize kernels
Explanation: A black layer in the placental region of maize kernels is a common external symptom of physiological maturity, indicating that no further dry matter accumulation occurs.
Question 5:
Which of the following crops typically has physiological maturity indicated by the loss of green color from leaves?
A. Soybean
B. Maize
C. Red gram
D. Sorghum
Answer: A. Soybean
Explanation: The loss of green color from the leaves is a common external symptom of physiological maturity in soybeans, indicating the plant has reached its full growth.
Question 6:
What is the stubble in agricultural harvesting?
A. The portion of the stem left on the field after harvesting
B. The roots of the crop that remain after harvesting
C. The economic part removed during harvesting
D. The process of collecting harvested crops
Answer: A. The portion of the stem left on the field after harvesting
Explanation: Stubble refers to the portion of the stem left in the field after the crop’s economic part has been removed during harvesting.
Question 7:
What is the primary economic product in the harvesting of sugarcane?
A. Entire plant
B. Grain
C. Seed
D. Leaf
Answer: A. Entire plant
Explanation: In sugarcane harvesting, the entire plant is the primary economic product, which is processed to extract sugar and other by-products.
Question 8:
Which crop typically shows physiological maturity when green pods turn brown?
A. Red gram
B. Maize
C. Sorghum
D. Soybean
Answer: A. Red gram
Explanation: The color change in red gram pods from green to brown is a common sign of physiological maturity, indicating that the crop is ready for harvest.
Question 9:
What is the primary goal of post-harvest technology?
A. To preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of harvested crops
B. To rotate crops over a multi-year cycle
C. To apply fertilizers to harvested crops
D. To remove unwanted plants from the field
Answer: A. To preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of harvested crops
Explanation: The goal of post-harvest technology is to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of harvested crops, minimizing spoilage and losses.
Question 10:
Which field crop is indicated by a black layer in the placental region as a sign of physiological maturity?
A. Maize
B. Sorghum
C. Soybean
D. Red gram
Answer: A. Maize
Explanation: A black layer in the placental region of maize kernels is a clear sign of physiological maturity, indicating that the crop is ready for harvest.
Question 11:
What is a key harvest maturity symptom for rice?
A. Hard and yellow-colored grains
B. Yellowing of spikelets
C. Compact ears
D. Brown-colored pods
Answer: A. Hard and yellow-colored grains
Explanation: Rice reaches harvest maturity when the grains become hard and yellow-colored, indicating readiness for harvest.
Question 12:
What is a typical harvest maturity symptom for wheat?
A. Yellowing of spikelets
B. Hard and yellow-colored grains
C. Yellow-colored ears, hard grains
D. Compact ears
Answer: A. Yellowing of spikelets
Explanation: In wheat, yellowing of spikelets is a sign of harvest maturity, suggesting the grains have dried to the appropriate level for harvest.
Question 13:
Which of the following is a harvest maturity symptom for sorghum?
A. Yellow-colored ears and hard grains
B. Brown-colored pods
C. Hard and yellow-colored grains
D. Leaves turn yellow with high sucrose content
Answer: A. Yellow-colored ears and hard grains
Explanation: Sorghum exhibits yellow-colored ears and hard grains when it reaches harvest maturity.
Question 14:
What is a common harvest maturity symptom for pearl millet?
A. Compact ears and seeds that come out easily when pressed
B. Yellowing of spikelets
C. Hard and yellow-colored grains
D. Brown-colored pods
Answer: A. Compact ears and seeds that come out easily when pressed
Explanation: Pearl millet reaches harvest maturity when the ears become compact and the seeds come out easily when pressed.
Question 15:
What is a typical harvest maturity symptom for pulses?
A. Brown-colored pods with hard seeds inside
B. Compact ears and seeds that come out easily when pressed
C. Yellow-colored ears and hard grains
D. Leaves turn yellow with high sucrose content
Answer: A. Brown-colored pods with hard seeds inside
Explanation: In pulses, brown-colored pods with hard seeds inside are a typical indicator of harvest maturity, showing the crop is ready for harvest.
