General Concepts:
- What type of mycelium is characteristic of fungi in the class Deuteromycotina?
- a) Unbranched and multinucleate
- b) Branched, septate, and multinucleate
- c) Unbranched and septate
- d) Branched and non-septate
Answer: b) Branched, septate, and multinucleate
- What is the primary method of reproduction in Deuteromycotina?
- a) Sexual spores
- b) Conidia
- c) Sporangia
- d) Zygospores
Answer: b) Conidia
- What is another name for Deuteromycotina due to its lack of sexual reproduction?
- a) Imperfect fungi
- b) Perfect fungi
- c) Basidiomycetes
- d) Ascomycetes
Answer: a) Imperfect fungi
Classification:
- Which of the following is a key characteristic of fungi in the Deuteromycotina classification?
- a) Production of sexual spores
- b) Lack of well-developed true mycelium
- c) Production of conidia in pycnidia or acervuli
- d) Reproduction through budding cells
Answer: c) Production of conidia in pycnidia or acervuli
- In the classification of Deuteromycotina, which group produces conidia in pycnidia?
- a) Hyphomycetes
- b) Coelomycetes
- c) Blastomycetes
- d) Melanconiales
Answer: b) Coelomycetes
- Which class of Deuteromycotina is characterized by the presence of acervuli and pycnidia for conidia production?
- a) Blastomycetes
- b) Hyphomycetes
- c) Coelomycetes
- d) Ascomycetes
Answer: c) Coelomycetes
- Which order within Coelomycetes produces conidia in acervuli?
- a) Sphaeropsidales
- b) Melanconiales
- c) Leptostromataceae
- d) Excipulaceae
Answer: b) Melanconiales
- Which of the following orders within Coelomycetes produces conidia in pycnidia?
- a) Sphaeropsidales
- b) Melanconiales
- c) Excipulaceae
- d) Leptostromataceae
Answer: a) Sphaeropsidales
Melanconiales:
- Which family is found within the order Melanconiales and is characterized by acervuli formation?
- a) Nectrioidaceae
- b) Melanconiaceae
- c) Sphaeropsidaceae
- d) Leptostromataceae
Answer: b) Melanconiaceae
- What plant disease is commonly caused by fungi in the family Melanconiaceae?
- a) Powdery mildew
- b) Anthracnose
- c) Damping-off
- d) Rust
Answer: b) Anthracnose
- Which of the following is a genus found in the family Melanconiaceae?
- a) Colletotrichum
- b) Pestalotiopsis
- c) Aspergillus
- d) Fusarium
Answer: a) Colletotrichum
- Which species of Colletotrichum causes anthracnose in banana?
- a) C. lindemuthianum
- b) C. gloeosporioides
- c) C. musae
- d) C. falcatum
Answer: c) C. musae
- What shape are the conidia of Colletotrichum?
- a) Spherical
- b) Cylindrical
- c) Falcate (sickle-shaped)
- d) Fusiform (spindle-shaped)
Answer: c) Falcate (sickle-shaped)
- What genus is known for causing grey blight of coconut and other palms?
- a) Pestalotiopsis
- b) Macrophomina
- c) Colletotrichum
- d) Ascochyta
Answer: a) Pestalotiopsis
- What is the perfect state of Colletotrichum?
- a) Melanconium
- b) Glomerella
- c) Sphaeropsis
- d) Pestalotia
Answer: b) Glomerella
Pestalotia & Pestalotiopsis:
- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Pestalotia?
- a) Conidia with two apical appendages
- b) Conidia with five septa and apical appendages
- c) Fusiform, straight or slightly curved conidia
- d) Conidia with a large central septum
Answer: c) Fusiform, straight or slightly curved conidia
- What differentiates Pestalotiopsis from Pestalotia?
- a) Conidia with more apical appendages
- b) Production of pycnidia
- c) Larger conidia size
- d) Spherical conidia
Answer: a) Conidia with more apical appendages
- Which species of Pestalotiopsis causes grey blight of mango?
- a) P. theae
- b) P. palmarum
- c) P. mangiferae
- d) P. fabae
Answer: c) P. mangiferae
Sphaeropsidales:
- Which family within Sphaeropsidales contains fungi that produce pycnidia?
- a) Leptostromataceae
- b) Excipulaceae
- c) Sphaeropsidaceae
- d) Nectrioidaceae
Answer: c) Sphaeropsidaceae
- Which genus is known for causing charcoal rot and dry root rot?
- a) Ascochyta
- b) Macrophomina
- c) Colletotrichum
- d) Pestalotiopsis
Answer: b) Macrophomina
- What is the disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina?
- a) Anthracnose
- b) Charcoal rot
- c) Blight
- d) Powdery mildew
Answer: b) Charcoal rot
- What type of conidia does Macrophomina phaseolina produce?
- a) Cylindrical, aseptate, smooth
- b) Falcate, multinucleate
- c) Spherical, septate
- d) Fusiform, multinucleate
Answer: a) Cylindrical, aseptate, smooth
- What is the shape of pycnidia in Sphaeropsidaceae?
- a) Globose and leathery
- b) Oval and smooth
- c) Cylindrical and smooth
- d) Disc-shaped and rough
Answer: a) Globose and leathery
- Which family in Sphaeropsidales is characterized by dark, leathery pycnidia?
- a) Sphaeropsidaceae
- b) Leptostromataceae
- c) Nectrioidaceae
- d) Excipulaceae
Answer: a) Sphaeropsidaceae
- What is the primary method of conidia formation in Ascochyta?
- a) Meristogenous
- b) Phialidic
- c) Sympogenous
- d) Sporodochia
Answer: b) Phialidic
Additional Plant Pathogens:
- Which species of Ascochyta causes leaf and stem spots on lady’s finger?
- a) A. phaseolorum
- b) A. pisi
- c) A. fabae
- d) A. abelmoschi
Answer: d) A. abelmoschi
- Which genus is known for causing fruit rot in papaya?
- a) Ascochyta
- b) Colletotrichum
- c) Macrophomina
- d) Pestalotiopsis
Answer: a) Ascochyta
- What is a common disease caused by Ascochyta rabiei?
- a) Leaf spot on sorghum
- b) Blight of chickpea
- c) Powdery mildew of beans
- d) Root rot of cotton
Answer: b) Blight of chickpea
- Which genus causes foot rot or blight in pea?
- a) Macrophomina
- b) Pestalotiopsis
- c) Ascochyta
- d) Colletotrichum
Answer: c) Ascochyta
- Which disease is caused by Ascochyta pisi?
- a) Leaf spot of pea
- b) Fruit rot of mango
- c) Stem rot of cotton
- d) Leaf blight of maize
Answer: a) Leaf spot of pea
31. What type of diseases does Septoria cause?
A) Root diseases
B) Leaf spot diseases
C) Fruit rot diseases
D) Stem diseases
Answer: B) Leaf spot diseases
32. What is the family of Septoria?
A) Moniliaceae
B) Excipulaceae
C) Dematiaceae
D) Agonomycetaceae
Answer: B) Excipulaceae
33. Which of the following is a species of Septoria that causes leaf spot on tomato?
A) S. glycinea
B) S. tritici
C) S. lycopersici
D) S. apii
Answer: C) S. lycopersici
34. Which genus is the perfect state of Septoria associated with?
A) Rhizoctonia
B) Mycosphaerella
C) Sclerotium
D) Thanatephorus
Answer: B) Mycosphaerella
35. Which species of Septoria causes Celery leaf blight?
A) S. tritici
B) S. apii
C) S. bataticola
D) S. chrysanthemella
Answer: B) S. apii
36. What is the shape of the pycnidia of Septoria?
A) Oval
B) Globose
C) Cylindrical
D) Rectangular
Answer: B) Globose
37. Which of the following genera is associated with the perfect state of Septoria in the family Excipulaceae?
A) Leptosphaeria
B) Rhizoctonia
C) Sclerotium
D) Pellicularia
Answer: A) Leptosphaeria
38. Which species of Septoria causes the brown spot of soybean?
A) S. glycinea
B) S. bataticola
C) S. tritici
D) S. chrysanthemella
Answer: A) S. glycinea
39. What type of conidia does Septoria produce?
A) Ovoid
B) Spherical
C) Filiform (scolecospore)
D) Cylindrical
Answer: C) Filiform (scolecospore)
40. What family does the genus Rhizoctonia belong to?
A) Agonomycetaceae
B) Dematiaceae
C) Excipulaceae
D) Moniliaceae
Answer: A) Agonomycetaceae
41. Which species of Rhizoctonia causes dry root rot of pulses?
A) R. solani
B) R. bataticola
C) R. oryzae
D) R. chrysanthemella
Answer: B) R. bataticola
42. Which of the following diseases is caused by Rhizoctonia solani?
A) Root rot of cotton
B) Speckled leaf blotch of wheat
C) Brown spot of soybean
D) Leaf spot of Portia tree
Answer: A) Root rot of cotton
43. Which structure is characteristic of Sclerotium?
A) Micronematous conidiophores
B) Sclerotia with pseudoparenchymatous rind
C) Synnemata
D) Chlamydospores
Answer: B) Sclerotia with pseudoparenchymatous rind
44. What is the perfect state of Sclerotium?
A) Corticium
B) Thanatephorus
C) Pellicularia
D) Macrophomina
Answer: C) Pellicularia
45. Which species of Sclerotium causes white rot of onions?
A) S. oryzae
B) S. rolfsii
C) S. cepivorum
D) S. bataticola
Answer: C) S. cepivorum
46. What type of sclerotia does Rhizoctonia form?
A) Hard, brown to black
B) Irregular size and shape, loosely packed
C) Compact, spherical
D) Large and smooth
Answer: B) Irregular size and shape, loosely packed
47. Which of the following genera is associated with the perfect state of Rhizoctonia?
A) Macrophomina
B) Ceratobasidium
C) Thanatephorus
D) Leptosphaeria
Answer: C) Thanatephorus
48. Which species of Sclerotium causes stem rot of rice?
A) S. cepivorum
B) S. rolfsii
C) S. oryzae
D) S. apii
Answer: C) S. oryzae
49. Which order of Hyphomycetes includes fungi that form synnemata?
A) Agonomycetales
B) Hyphomycetales
C) Stilbellales
D) Tuberculariales
Answer: C) Stilbellales
50. What type of conidiophores are found in Hyphomycetales?
A) Macronematous
B) Micronematous
C) Both micronematous and macronematous
D) None
Answer: C) Both micronematous and macronematous
51. What is the order of fungi that produce sporodochia?
A) Agonomycetales
B) Hyphomycetales
C) Tuberculariales
D) Stilbellales
Answer: C) Tuberculariales
52. Which of the following species causes root rot of soybean?
A) R. solani
B) S. rolfsii
C) S. apii
D) S. glycinea
Answer: B) S. rolfsii
53. In which genus are sclerotia formed of compact hyphae?
A) Sclerotium
B) Rhizoctonia
C) Populaspora
D) Dactuliophora
Answer: A) Sclerotium
54. What is the classification of fungi in the order Agonomycetales based on?
A) The presence of conidia
B) The degree of aggregation of conidiophores
C) The type of sexual reproduction
D) The structure of sclerotia
Answer: A) The presence of conidia
55. What type of pathogens are Rhizoctonia fungi?
A) Obligate biotrophs
B) Facultative necrotrophs
C) Obligate saprophytes
D) Biotrophs
Answer: B) Facultative necrotrophs
56. Which species of Sclerotium causes root rot in black pepper?
A) S. oryzae
B) S. rolfsii
C) S. apii
D) S. cepivorum
Answer: B) S. rolfsii
57. What is the function of sclerotia in Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium?
A) To store food
B) To help in disease dissemination
C) To aid in fungal reproduction
D) To form sexual spores
Answer: B) To help in disease dissemination
58. What is the conidial state of Rhizoctonia bataticola?
A) Macrophomina phaseolina
B) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
C) Thanatephorus cucumeris
D) Pellicularia rolfsii
Answer: A) Macrophomina phaseolina
59. Which genus forms sclerotia composed of loosely woven hyphae?
A) Sclerotium
B) Rhizoctonia
C) Populaspora
D) Dactuliophora
Answer: B) Rhizoctonia
60. What is the genus of the perfect state for Sclerotium causing white rot of onions?
A) Pellicularia
B) Sclerotinia
C) Corticium
D) Mycosphaerella
Answer: B) Sclerotinia
