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    • MCQs on Harvesting and Post-Harvest Technology for Major Agricultural Crops

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged

    Harvesting and Post-Harvest Technology for Major Agricultural Crops: MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. MCQs on Harvesting and Post-Harvest Technology for Major Agricultural Crops: Question 1: What is “harvesting” in agriculture?A. Removal of entire plants or economic parts after maturity from the fieldB. The process of sowing seeds in the fieldC. The application of fertilizers and pesticides to cropsD. Rotating different crops in a multi-year cycle Answer: A. Removal of entire plants or economic parts after maturity from the fieldExplanation: Harvesting refers to the removal of the entire plant or its economic parts from the field after it has reached maturity. The harvested parts could be grains, seeds, leaves, roots, or the entire plant. Question 2: What is “physiological maturity” in crop harvesting?A. The developmental stage after which no further increase in dry matter occurs in the economic partB. The period when crops are ready to be harvestedC. The stage when crops are harvested before reaching full maturityD. The stage when crops are ready for planting Answer: A. The developmental stage after which no further increase in dry matter occurs in the economic partExplanation: Physiological maturity is the stage at which crops no longer increase in dry matter, indicating they have reached optimal growth for harvesting. Question 3: What is “harvest maturity” in crop harvesting?A. The period when crops are ready to be harvested, generally seven days after physiological maturityB. The developmental stage after which no further increase in dry matter occursC. The stage when crops are harvested before reaching full maturityD. The stage when crops are ready for planting Answer: A. The period when crops are ready to be harvested, generally seven days after physiological maturityExplanation: Harvest maturity typically occurs about seven days after physiological maturity, during which time the crops lose moisture and become ready for harvesting. Question 4: Which of the following is an external symptom of physiological maturity in maize?A. A black layer in the placental region of maize kernelsB. Loss of green color from leavesC. Green pods turning brownD. Shedding of leaves Answer: A. A black layer in the placental region of maize kernelsExplanation: A black layer in the placental region of maize kernels is a common external symptom of physiological maturity, indicating that no further dry matter accumulation occurs. Question 5: Which of the following crops typically has physiological maturity indicated by the loss of green color from leaves?A. SoybeanB. MaizeC. Red gramD. Sorghum Answer: A. SoybeanExplanation: The loss of green color from the leaves is a common external symptom of physiological maturity in soybeans, indicating the plant has reached its full growth. Question 6: What is the stubble in agricultural harvesting?A. The portion of the stem left on the field after harvestingB. The roots of the crop that remain after harvestingC. The economic part removed during harvestingD. The process of collecting harvested crops Answer: A. The portion of the stem left on the field after harvestingExplanation: Stubble refers to the portion of the stem left in the field after the crop’s economic part has been removed during harvesting. Question 7: What is the primary economic product in the harvesting of sugarcane?A. Entire plantB. GrainC. SeedD. Leaf Answer: A. Entire plantExplanation: In sugarcane harvesting, the entire plant is the primary economic product, which is processed to extract sugar and other by-products. Question 8: Which crop typically shows physiological maturity when green pods turn brown?A. Red gramB. MaizeC. SorghumD. Soybean Answer: A. Red gramExplanation: The color change in red gram pods from green to brown is a common sign of physiological maturity, indicating that the crop is ready for harvest. Question 9: What is the primary goal of post-harvest technology?A. To preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of harvested cropsB. To rotate crops over a multi-year cycleC. To apply fertilizers to harvested cropsD. To remove unwanted plants from the field Answer: A. To preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of harvested cropsExplanation: The goal of post-harvest technology is to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of harvested crops, minimizing spoilage and losses. Question 10: Which field crop is indicated by a black layer in the placental region as a sign of physiological maturity?A. MaizeB. SorghumC. SoybeanD. Red gram Answer: A. MaizeExplanation: A black layer in the placental region of maize kernels is a clear sign of physiological maturity, indicating that the crop is ready for harvest. Question 11: What is a key harvest maturity symptom for rice?A. Hard and yellow-colored grainsB. Yellowing of spikeletsC. Compact earsD. Brown-colored pods Answer: A. Hard and yellow-colored grainsExplanation: Rice reaches harvest maturity when the grains become hard and yellow-colored, indicating readiness for harvest. Question 12: What is a typical harvest maturity symptom for wheat?A. Yellowing of spikeletsB. Hard and yellow-colored grainsC. Yellow-colored ears, hard grainsD. Compact ears Answer: A. Yellowing of spikeletsExplanation: In wheat, yellowing of spikelets is a sign of harvest maturity, suggesting the grains have dried to the appropriate level for harvest. Question 13: Which of the following is a harvest maturity symptom for sorghum?A. Yellow-colored ears and hard grainsB. Brown-colored podsC. Hard and yellow-colored grainsD. Leaves turn yellow with high sucrose content Answer: A. Yellow-colored ears and hard grainsExplanation: Sorghum exhibits yellow-colored ears and hard grains when it reaches harvest maturity. Question 14: What is a common harvest maturity symptom for pearl millet?A. Compact ears and seeds that come out easily when pressedB. Yellowing of spikeletsC. Hard and yellow-colored grainsD. Brown-colored pods Answer: A. Compact ears and seeds that come out easily when pressedExplanation: Pearl millet reaches harvest maturity when the ears become compact and the seeds come out easily when pressed. Question 15: What is a typical harvest maturity symptom for pulses?A. Brown-colored pods with hard seeds insideB. Compact ears and seeds that come out easily when pressedC. Yellow-colored ears and hard grainsD. Leaves turn yellow with high sucrose content Answer: A. Brown-colored pods with hard seeds insideExplanation: In pulses, brown-colored pods with hard seeds inside are a typical

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    MCQs on Cropping systems

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged , , , ,

    Cropping Systems MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. Here are 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to cropping systems, with answers and explanations. These cover concepts such as monocropping, crop rotation, mixed cropping, intercropping, relay cropping, and more: Question 1: What is the definition of monocropping in agriculture? Answer: A. Growing only one crop on a piece of land year after yearExplanation: Monocropping involves growing a single crop on the same land for consecutive years. It can deplete soil nutrients and increase pest and disease vulnerability. Question 2: Which of the following is a common disadvantage of monocropping? Answer: B. Increased susceptibility to pests and diseasesExplanation: Continuous monocropping creates an environment for pests and diseases to thrive, as there’s no crop diversity to disrupt their life cycles. Question 3: What is the primary principle behind crop rotation? Answer: A. Growing different crops in succession on a piece of land over a specific periodExplanation: Crop rotation helps maintain soil health by alternating crops with different nutrient needs, reducing soil depletion and disease cycles. Question 4: Which of the following is a key principle of crop rotation? Answer: A. Leguminous crops should follow non-leguminous cropsExplanation: Legumes fix nitrogen in the soil, which benefits subsequent non-leguminous crops, improving soil fertility. Question 5: What is mixed cropping? Answer: A. Growing multiple crops on the same piece of land at the same timeExplanation: Mixed cropping involves cultivating different crops simultaneously on the same field to optimize resources and reduce the risk of total crop failure. Question 6: What is intercropping? Answer: A. Growing multiple crops in alternating rows or patterns within the same fieldExplanation: Intercropping optimizes space and resources, allowing crops with complementary growth habits to share the same field. Question 7: What is relay cropping? Answer: A. Planting a second crop before the first crop is harvestedExplanation: Relay cropping increases land use efficiency by starting a second crop while the first is still growing, leading to continuous production. Question 8: What is multistoried cropping? Answer: A. Growing crops at different heights in the same field to maximize spaceExplanation: This system maximizes vertical space by growing taller crops alongside shorter crops, optimizing light and resource use. Question 9: What is sole cropping? Answer: A. Growing only one crop on a piece of land during a specific periodExplanation: Sole cropping refers to cultivating a single crop on a field during a specific period or season, without combining it with other crops. Question 10: What is sequence cropping? Answer: A. Planting two or more crops in sequence on the same piece of land in a single yearExplanation: Sequence cropping maximizes land use by planting multiple crops sequentially in one year, increasing overall productivity.

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    MCQs on Irrigation Management and Drainage

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged ,

    Irrigation Management and Drainage MCQ for ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. Here are 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers and explanations on Irrigation Management and Drainage: Irrigation Management MCQs Question 1: What is the primary objective of irrigation in agriculture? Answer: B) To supply essential moisture for plant growthExplanation: The primary goal of irrigation is to provide plants with the necessary water for growth, especially in areas with insufficient or irregular rainfall. Question 2: Which of the following is NOT an objective of irrigation? Answer: C) To create soil erosionExplanation: Irrigation supports crop growth and productivity, while soil erosion is an undesirable outcome. Question 3: Which method of irrigation involves the distribution of water through small channels or furrows? Answer: C) CorrugationsExplanation: The corrugation method involves creating small furrows or channels to guide water efficiently to crops. Question 4: What is one of the advantages of drainage in agricultural systems? Answer: A) To prevent waterloggingExplanation: Drainage removes excess water from the soil, preventing waterlogging and ensuring better aeration for plant roots. Question 5: Which of the following is a common method to quantify the amount of irrigation water? Answer: B) Water metersExplanation: Water meters measure the amount of water flowing through irrigation systems, enabling accurate water management. Question 6: Which type of irrigation is best suited for conserving water by delivering it directly to the roots? Answer: C) Drip/trickle irrigationExplanation: Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, minimizing water loss due to evaporation or runoff. Question 7: One of the objectives of irrigation is to “soften tillage pans.” What does this refer to? Answer: A) Reducing the hardness of soil layers that impede root growthExplanation: Tillage pans are compacted soil layers that limit root penetration, and irrigation can help soften these layers, promoting better root development. Question 8: Which of the following irrigation methods is typically used in flat, uniform fields to irrigate large areas? Answer: B) FloodingExplanation: Flooding is used in flat, uniform fields where water is spread over large areas for uniform irrigation. Question 9: In the context of irrigation, what does the term “intensive cropping” refer to? Answer: A) Planting multiple crops in a single growing seasonExplanation: Intensive cropping involves growing multiple crops within one growing season, requiring effective irrigation management. Question 10: What is the key advantage of using a sprinkler system for irrigation? Answer: B) It can cover large areas with minimal laborExplanation: Sprinkler systems efficiently irrigate large areas with less labor, which is beneficial for commercial farming. Drainage Management MCQs Question 11: What is drainage in the context of agriculture? Answer: A) The process of removing excess water from the soilExplanation: Drainage involves removing excess water from the soil to prevent waterlogging and improve plant growth. Question 12: Which of the following is a common cause of waterlogging in agricultural fields? Answer: A) Intensive rainsExplanation: Heavy rains can saturate the soil, causing waterlogging if the soil cannot absorb or drain the excess water. Question 13: What is one of the effects of ill-drained conditions on crops? Answer: B) Restricted root growthExplanation: Poor drainage leads to waterlogged soils, restricting root development and reducing plant health. Question 14: Which of the following is a potential benefit of proper drainage in agricultural systems? Answer: B) Improved soil ventilationExplanation: Proper drainage improves aeration by allowing air to reach plant roots, promoting healthy growth. Question 15: How can defective irrigation contribute to waterlogging? Answer: B) By causing excess water accumulation in the soilExplanation: Over-irrigation or poorly designed irrigation systems can result in excessive water buildup, leading to waterlogging. Question 16: What is the key difference between surface drainage and subsurface drainage? Answer: A) Surface drainage removes water from the soil surface, while subsurface drainage removes water from below the surfaceExplanation: Surface drainage removes excess water from the soil surface, while subsurface drainage deals with water below the surface. Question 17: Which of the following is a common method used for subsurface drainage in agricultural fields? Answer: C) Drainage pipes or tilesExplanation: Subsurface drainage systems use drainage pipes or tiles to remove water from below the soil surface. Question 18: What is a common negative effect of waterlogging on crops like maize or mustard? Answer: A) Restricted root growth and lodgingExplanation: Waterlogging restricts root development, which can cause lodging (plants falling over due to weak roots). Question 19: Why is mid-season drainage important for rice crops? Answer: A) To reduce waterlogging and allow the soil to breatheExplanation: Mid-season drainage allows soil to aerate, which is important for rice crop health. Question 20: How can proper drainage improve soil structure and decrease soil erosion? Answer: A) By promoting healthy root growth and reducing soil compactionExplanation: Proper drainage improves soil structure and reduces compaction, which helps prevent erosion.ations.

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    MCQs on Weed Control

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged

    MCQs on Weed Control like ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. MCQ on Weed Control Question 1: What is the general definition of a weed? Answer: B) A plant growing where it is not wanted Explanation:A weed is generally defined as a plant growing where it is not wanted. It can also interfere with intended land use and negatively impact crop production. Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a common loss due to weeds? Answer: B) Weeds increase the quality of produce Explanation:Weeds typically reduce the quality of produce by contaminating it. They are also known to increase cultivation costs, reduce yields, and act as alternate hosts for pests and diseases. Question 3: Which of the following is a common method to control weeds? Answer: B) Applying herbicides Explanation:Herbicides are chemicals used to control weeds by targeting specific plant growth processes. They are one of the most common methods of weed control. Question 4: What is a potential health risk associated with weeds like Parthenium hysterophorus? Answer: C) Allergy Explanation:Parthenium hysterophorus can cause allergic reactions in humans, such as hay fever and respiratory issues like asthma. Question 5: Which of the following weeds can be an alternate host for the stem borer pest in rice crops? Answer: B) Echinochloa sp. Explanation:Echinochloa sp. serves as an alternate host for the stem borer pest in rice crops, contributing to the transmission and survival of pests. Question 6: What term describes the plant that interferes with the intended use of land? Answer: C) Weed Explanation:Weeds are plants that interfere with the intended use of land, competing with crops for resources and sometimes hosting pests and diseases. Question 7: What type of loss accounts for the highest percentage of agricultural losses in India due to weeds? Answer: A) Reduction in crop yields Explanation:Weeds compete with crop plants for resources like light, moisture, and nutrients, leading to a significant reduction in crop yields. In India, weeds account for 45% of the total agricultural loss. Question 8: Which of the following weeds is known to cause off-flavor in milk when found in fodder crops? Answer: A) Wild onion and wild garlic Explanation:Wild onion and wild garlic, when present in fodder crops, can impart an off-flavor to milk, affecting its quality. Question 9: Which of the following is an example of a weed control method that does NOT involve chemicals? Answer: B) Manual weeding Explanation:Manual weeding is a physical method of weed control that does not use chemicals. It involves manually removing weeds from fields or gardens. Question 10: Which of the following weeds can cause dermatitis upon contact with human skin? Answer: A) Helenium Explanation:Helenium is known to cause dermatitis upon contact with human skin, leading to irritation and other skin problems. Dermatitis can also be caused by Ambrosia and similar weeds. More MCQs on Weeds Question 11: Which weed is known to cause itching and inflammation due to its hair-like structures? Answer: A) Urtica sp. Explanation:Urtica sp., commonly known as nettles, can cause itching and inflammation due to its fine hair-like structures containing irritants. Question 12: Which weed is known to induce hypersensitivity to light in animals? Answer: A) Lantana camara Explanation:Lantana camara is a toxic weed known to induce hypersensitivity to light in animals, leading to severe skin issues. Question 13: What is the effect of Rhododendron sp. on animal health? Answer: B) Causes diarrhea and blood stains in milk Explanation:Rhododendron sp. can cause diarrhea and blood stains in milk when ingested by animals, indicating its harmful impact on animal health. Question 14: Which weed is poisonous to cattle and can lead to health problems if ingested? Answer: B) Sorghum halepense Explanation:Sorghum halepense, also known as Johnsongrass, is poisonous to cattle and can cause serious health issues when consumed. Question 15: What is a potential problem caused by water contamination from weeds like Eichhornia and Typha? Answer: A) Reduced flow of water in irrigation channels Explanation:Weeds like Eichhornia and Typha can block water flow in irrigation channels, reducing the efficiency of water distribution and potentially causing flooding or waterlogging. Question 16: Which of the following weeds is associated with reducing land value? Answer: A) Cyperus rotundus Explanation:Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) is a problematic weed that can be difficult to eradicate, reducing the value of land due to its persistent nature and impact on land use. Question 17: What does allelopathy refer to in the context of weeds? Answer: A) Harmful effects of plants due to the release of phytochemicals on other plants Explanation:Allelopathy is the phenomenon where plants release phytochemicals that can negatively affect the growth and development of other plants. Question 18: Which weed is known for its potential medicinal value, particularly for treating snakebites? Answer: A) Leucas aspera Explanation:Leucas aspera is used in traditional medicine to treat snakebites, among other medicinal uses, highlighting the potential benefits of some weeds. Question 19: Which weed has fodder value and can also be used for soil conservation? Answer: A) Cynodon dactylon Explanation:Cynodon dactylon, also known as Bermuda grass, has value as fodder and can be used for soil conservation due to its dense root system, which helps prevent soil erosion. Question 20: Which of the following weeds has potential for use in breeding due to its genetic diversity? Answer: A) Saccharum spontaneum Explanation:Saccharum spontaneum, a wild cane, is used in breeding programs due to its genetic diversity, providing new genes for crop improvement and other applications.

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    MCQs on Soil fertility

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged ,

    MCQs on Soil fertility like ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. Question 1: What is the term for the inherent capacity of the soil to supply plant nutrients in adequate quantities and suitable proportions? Answer:B) Soil fertility Explanation:Soil fertility refers to the inherent capacity of the soil to supply plant nutrients in adequate quantities and suitable proportions to support plant growth. Question 2: What does soil productivity refer to? Answer:A) The capacity of a soil to produce crops Explanation:Soil productivity is the capacity of a soil to produce crops. It is influenced by soil fertility and other factors like soil structure, moisture, and microbial activity. Question 3: Which of the following factors does NOT influence soil productivity? Answer:D) Soil color Explanation:Soil productivity is influenced by factors like soil fertility, physical condition, soil microorganisms, and moisture. Soil color does not have a direct impact on productivity. Question 4: Which type of nutrient loss is more prevalent in sandy soils? Answer:B) Leaching Explanation:Leaching is more prevalent in sandy soils because of their low water-holding capacity, causing nutrients to be washed away from the soil. Question 5: How can nutrients be lost from the soil through denitrification? Answer:D) In gaseous form Explanation:Denitrification is a process where soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas (N₂) or nitrous oxide (N₂O), leading to nitrogen loss in gaseous form. Question 6: Which of the following practices can help maintain soil fertility? Answer:A) Regular addition of plant nutrients Explanation:Regular addition of plant nutrients helps maintain soil fertility by replenishing nutrients lost due to crop uptake, leaching, or other factors. Question 7: Which crop removes the most potassium (K) from the soil? Answer:C) Sorghum Explanation:Sorghum removes 200-300 kg/ha of potassium, which is the highest among the listed crops. Question 8: What is one method to prevent soil erosion, a common cause of fertility loss? Answer:A) Crop rotation Explanation:Crop rotation helps maintain soil structure and reduces soil erosion by providing continuous vegetation cover, minimizing wind and water erosion risks. Question 9: Why is soil organic matter important for maintaining soil fertility? Answer:A) It helps bind soil particles together Explanation:Soil organic matter improves soil structure by binding soil particles, enhancing moisture retention, and providing nutrients through decomposition. Question 10: Which of the following could be an inhibitory factor affecting soil productivity? Answer:B) Alkalinity Explanation:Alkalinity can inhibit plant growth by affecting nutrient availability and soil structure, reducing soil productivity. Question 11: Which of the following is a broader term used to indicate yields of crops? Answer:B) Soil productivity Explanation:Soil productivity encompasses not only soil fertility but also other factors that influence crop yields, such as water supply, land slope, and climate. Question 12: Soil fertility can be analyzed in the laboratory. What other term is evaluated in the field under particular climatic conditions? Answer:A) Soil productivity Explanation:Soil productivity is influenced by field conditions and climate, while soil fertility is typically assessed in a laboratory for nutrient availability. Question 13: Which process converts nitrate (NO₃) to nitrogen gas (N₂)? Answer:B) Denitrification Explanation:Denitrification is the process where nitrate (NO₃) is converted into nitrogen gas (N₂) by soil bacteria, resulting in nitrogen loss in gaseous form. Question 14: Which method helps maintain soil fertility through cultural practices? Answer:B) Using fallow periods Explanation:Fallow periods allow the soil to rest and replenish nutrients, helping maintain soil fertility as part of cultural practices. Question 15: Which of the following is an organic material used to maintain soil fertility? Answer:C) Compost Explanation:Compost is organic material derived from decomposed plant and animal matter, used to improve soil fertility and structure. Question 16: Which of the following can be used as a soil amendment to improve soil structure and fertility? Answer:A) Paddy husk Explanation:Paddy husk can improve soil structure by adding organic matter and aiding in soil aeration and drainage, contributing to soil fertility. Question 17: Which type of fertilizer involves using microorganisms to enhance soil fertility? Answer:B) Bio-fertilizers Explanation:Bio-fertilizers contain beneficial microorganisms like rhizobium, azotobacter, and blue-green algae, which enhance nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation. Question 18: What is the potential status of soil in terms of nutrient availability? Answer:B) Soil fertility Explanation:Soil fertility refers to the potential status of the soil regarding its ability to supply plant nutrients in adequate quantities. Question 19: Which cultural practice involves growing different crops in the same field during different seasons to maintain soil fertility? Answer:C) Crop rotation Explanation:Crop rotation involves growing different crops in the same field in a systematic sequence, allowing the soil to regenerate and maintain fertility. Question 20: Which of the following represents the interaction of all factors that determine the magnitude of crop yields? Answer:A) Soil productivity Explanation:Soil productivity refers to the interaction of various factors, such as soil fertility, water supply, and land slope, that ultimately determine crop yields.

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    MCQs on Planting Geometry

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged

    MCQs on Planting Geometry like ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. Multiple-Choice Questions on Planting Geometry 1. What is competition in the context of plant growth?a) The struggle between individuals within a population for resources when the supply is less than their combined demandb) A race between plants to grow the fastestc) A process to breed better plant varietiesd) A method to improve plant resilience Answer: a) The struggle between individuals within a population for resources when the supply is less than their combined demandExplanation: Competition in plants refers to the struggle for resources such as nutrients, light, and water when they are in limited supply compared to the combined demand of the plants in the population. 2. What is intra-specific competition?a) Competition between different speciesb) Competition within a single speciesc) Competition among farmers for crop pricesd) Competition between plants and animals Answer: b) Competition within a single speciesExplanation: Intra-specific competition occurs within a single species, typically when plants of the same crop compete for resources like light, water, and nutrients. 3. What is the impact of high plant population on nutrient competition?a) It reduces nutrient uptakeb) It increases nutrient uptakec) It eliminates nutrient competitiond) It improves nutrient recycling Answer: b) It increases nutrient uptakeExplanation: A higher plant population increases nutrient uptake as more plants are competing for the same pool of nutrients. However, if the population is too high, nutrient deficiencies may occur. 4. How does competition for light occur in plant populations?a) When one plant casts a shadow on anotherb) When plants compete for soil nutrientsc) When plants compete for space to growd) When plants compete for water Answer: a) When one plant casts a shadow on anotherExplanation: Competition for light occurs when plants start to grow and their leaves cast shadows on other plants, reducing the available light for photosynthesis. 5. What is inter-specific competition?a) Competition within a single speciesb) Competition between different speciesc) Competition between plants and animalsd) Competition among different varieties of the same crop Answer: b) Competition between different speciesExplanation: Inter-specific competition occurs between different species, such as when different crops are grown in mixtures or when weeds compete with crops for resources. 6. How can plant population affect growth and yield?a) Higher plant populations always lead to higher yieldsb) Lower plant populations always lead to higher yieldsc) Optimum plant population leads to balanced growth and yieldd) Plant population does not affect growth or yield Answer: c) Optimum plant population leads to balanced growth and yieldExplanation: An optimum plant population ensures that there is sufficient space and resources for each plant to grow and yield well. Too high a population leads to competition and lower yields, while too low a population results in underutilization of resources. 7. Which factor is most likely to be affected by high plant population?a) Soil temperatureb) Nutrient availabilityc) Plant varietyd) Genetic stability Answer: b) Nutrient availabilityExplanation: High plant population increases competition for nutrients, leading to potential nutrient deficiencies if the soil’s fertility cannot support the larger population. 8. What can be a consequence of competition for water in plants?a) Uniform growth across the fieldb) Uneven plant growth and yieldc) Reduced pest problemsd) Increased soil aeration Answer: b) Uneven plant growth and yieldExplanation: Competition for water can lead to uneven plant growth, where some plants get more water than others, causing variability in growth and yield across the field. 9. What happens when competition for light becomes severe in a plant population?a) Increased plant healthb) Higher risk of disease and lower yieldsc) Better soil structured) Improved seed quality Answer: b) Higher risk of disease and lower yieldsExplanation: Severe competition for light leads to mutual shading, reducing photosynthesis, and causing plant stress, which can increase the risk of disease and reduce yields. 10. What is the primary purpose of maintaining optimum planting patterns and density?a) To minimize competition and maximize yieldb) To create uniform plant heightc) To facilitate easy harvestingd) To improve plant aesthetics Answer: a) To minimize competition and maximize yieldExplanation: Optimum planting patterns and density aim to minimize competition for resources and ensure that each plant has adequate space to grow, ultimately leading to better yields and healthier plants.lay crucial roles in achieving optimal stand establishment.

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    MCQs on Crop Stand Establishment – Factors Affecting Optimum Stand Establishment

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged

    MCQs on Crop Stand Establishment – Factors Affecting Optimum Stand Establishment: MCQs like ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. Here is a reformatted version of the MCQs on Crop Stand Establishment – Factors Affecting Optimum Stand Establishment: Multiple-Choice Questions on Crop Stand Establishment 1. What does seed treatment with fungicides primarily aim to achieve?a) Increase seed sizeb) Enhance seed germinationc) Prevent seed-borne and soil-borne diseasesd) Improve seed color Answer: c) Prevent seed-borne and soil-borne diseasesExplanation: Fungicidal treatment involves applying chemicals to seeds to prevent seed-borne and soil-borne diseases, ensuring a healthy start for the crop. 2. Which of the following is used to control scale insects in sugarcane through pesticide treatment?a) Mancozebb) Malathionc) Carbendazimd) Captan Answer: b) MalathionExplanation: Malathion is commonly used as a pesticide treatment to control scale insects in sugarcane, providing protection against certain pests during the establishment phase. 3. What is the purpose of scarification in seed treatment?a) To add color to the seedsb) To soften or remove the hard seed coatc) To increase seed sized) To decrease seed germination time Answer: b) To soften or remove the hard seed coatExplanation: Scarification involves rubbing seeds against a hard surface or treating them to break down the tough outer layer, allowing for easier germination. 4. What is a common seed treatment for legumes to assist with nitrogen fixation?a) Fungicidal treatmentb) Pesticide treatmentc) Rhizobium treatmentd) Hot water treatment Answer: c) Rhizobium treatmentExplanation: Rhizobium treatment involves coating seeds with specific Rhizobium cultures to promote atmospheric nitrogen fixation, which benefits legumes during crop establishment. 5. What is the optimal temperature and duration for hot water treatment in sugarcane to control red rot and smut diseases?a) 45°C for 20 minutesb) 52°C for 30 minutesc) 60°C for 10 minutesd) 75°C for 5 minutes Answer: b) 52°C for 30 minutesExplanation: Hot water treatment at 52°C for 30 minutes is a common method to control red rot and smut diseases in sugarcane, helping to ensure healthy crop establishment. 6. Why is breaking seed dormancy important for crop stand establishment?a) To improve seed colorb) To prevent diseasesc) To ensure uniform germinationd) To reduce seed size Answer: c) To ensure uniform germinationExplanation: Breaking seed dormancy helps in ensuring uniform germination, leading to consistent crop stand establishment. 7. Which type of seed bed preparation is ideal for crops like groundnut and redgram?a) Coarse tilthb) Fine tilthc) Medium tilthd) No tilth Answer: a) Coarse tilthExplanation: Coarse tilth is preferred for crops like groundnut and redgram, as it provides adequate soil structure and drainage for optimal growth. 8. What effect can late sowing have on rain-fed crops?a) Increased yieldsb) Reduced yieldsc) Enhanced germinationd) Reduced pest incidence Answer: b) Reduced yieldsExplanation: Late sowing can lead to reduced yields in rain-fed crops, as the crop’s maturity may coincide with drought, and it may be more prone to pests and diseases. 9. What is the primary purpose of mixing seed with other materials like sand or soil?a) To increase the seed bulk for small-seeded cropsb) To reduce seed sizec) To improve seed colord) To increase seed germination rate Answer: a) To increase the seed bulk for small-seeded cropsExplanation: Mixing seed with other materials increases the bulk, allowing for more even sowing, especially in small-seeded crops like Sesamum, Lucerne, and mustard. 10. Which of the following factors does NOT significantly affect optimum stand establishment?a) Seed treatmentb) Seed colorc) Seed bed preparationd) Time of sowing Answer: b) Seed colorExplanation: Seed color does not significantly affect crop stand establishment, while factors like seed treatment, seed bed preparation, and time of sowing play crucial roles in achieving optimal stand establishment.

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    MCQ on Types of Tillage and Factors Influencing Preparatory Cultivation

    By ExamupsPosted on Posted in MCQ's, Principles Of Agronomy MCQTagged

    Types of Tillage and Factors Influencing Preparatory Cultivation MCQ All Agriculture Exams like ICAR-JEF, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-NET, IBPS-AFO/SO, Pre-PG, BHU Pre-PG, IFFCO-AGT, CCI, FCI, B.sc, M.sc, etc. Multiple Choice Questions on Preparatory Cultivation, After Cultivation, and Tillage Operations Multiple Choice Questions on Intercultivation and Puddling Multiple Choice Questions on Puddling and Related Concepts Multiple Choice Questions on Puddling and Related Concepts

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